True adenoma: Benign neoplasm of thyroid glandular epithelium with fibrous encapsulation
Follicular adenoma (FA) and Hürthle cell adenoma (HCA)
Adenomatous nodule: Focal adenomatous hyperplasia with incomplete capsule; cold nodule
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Demographics
Selected References
Park JW et al: Korean thyroid imaging reporting and data system features of follicular thyroid adenoma and carcinoma: a single-center study. Ultrasonography. 36(4):349-354, 2017
Nachiappan AC et al: The thyroid: review of imaging features and biopsy techniques with radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 34(2):276-93, 2014
Yoon JH et al: Better understanding in the differentiation of thyroid follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma, and follicular variant of papillary carcinoma: a retrospective study. Int J Endocrinol. 2014:321595, 2014
Glastonbury CG: Thyroid Adenoma. In Harnsberger HR et al: Diagnostic Imaging: Head & Neck. 2nd ed. Salt Lake City: Amirsys, Inc. 2011
McHenry CR et al: Follicular adenoma and carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Oncologist. 16(5):585-93, 2011
Ahn SS et al: Biopsy of thyroid nodules: comparison of three sets of guidelines. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(1):31-7, 2010
Iared W et al: Use of color Doppler ultrasonography for the prediction of malignancy in follicular thyroid neoplasms: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Ultrasound Med. 29(3):419-25, 2010
Baier ND et al: Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules: experience in a cohort of 944 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193(4):1175-9, 2009
Gabalec F et al: Benign fine-needle aspiration cytology of thyroid nodule: to repeat or not to repeat? Eur J Endocrinol. 161(6):933-7, 2009
Hartl DM et al: The updated American Thyroid Association Guidelines for management of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: a surgical perspective. Thyroid. 19(11):1149-51, 2009
Lee EW et al: How diagnostic is ultrasound-guided neck mass biopsy (fine-needle capillary sampling biopsy technique)?: evaluation of 132 nonthyroid neck mass biopsies with pathologic analysis over 7 years at a single institution. J Ultrasound Med. 28(12):1679-84, 2009
Liu Y: Clinical significance of thyroid uptake on F18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Ann Nucl Med. 23(1):17-23, 2009
Lumachi F et al: FNA cytology and frozen section examination in patients with follicular lesions of the thyroid gland. Anticancer Res. 29(12):5255-7, 2009
Stevens C et al: Pediatric thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology: a meta-analysis. J Pediatr Surg. 44(11):2184-91, 2009
Desser TS et al: Ultrasound of thyroid nodules. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 18(3):463-78, vii, 2008
Loevner LA et al: Cross-sectional imaging of the thyroid gland. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 18(3):445-61, vii, 2008
Yeung MJ et al: Management of the solitary thyroid nodule. Oncologist. 13(2):105-12, 2008
Baloch Z et al: Role of repeat fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the management of thyroid nodules. Diagn Cytopathol. 29(4):203-6, 2003
Demirel K et al: A comparison of radionuclide thyroid angiography, (99m)Tc-MIBI scintigraphy and power Doppler ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of solitary cold thyroid nodules. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 30(5):642-50, 2003
Khati N et al: Ultrasound of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Ultrasound Q. 19(4):162-76, 2003
Kim EK et al: New sonographic criteria for recommending fine-needle aspiration biopsy of nonpalpable solid nodules of the thyroid. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(3):687-91, 2002
Solbiati L et al: Ultrasound of thyroid, parathyroid glands and neck lymph nodes. Eur Radiol. 11(12):2411-24, 2001
Brander AE et al: Importance of thyroid abnormalities detected at US screening: a 5-year follow-up. Radiology. 215(3):801-6, 2000
Gotway MB et al: MR imaging of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 8(1):163-82, ix, 2000
Hermus AR et al: Treatment of benign nodular thyroid disease. N Engl J Med. 338(20):1438-47, 1998
Tan GH et al: Thyroid incidentalomas: management approaches to nonpalpable nodules discovered incidentally on thyroid imaging. Ann Intern Med. 126(3):226-31, 1997
Brander A et al: Thyroid gland: US screening in a random adult population. Radiology. 181(3):683-7, 1991
Brander A et al: Thyroid gland: US screening in middle-aged women with no previous thyroid disease. Radiology. 173(2):507-10, 1989
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
True adenoma: Benign neoplasm of thyroid glandular epithelium with fibrous encapsulation
Follicular adenoma (FA) and Hürthle cell adenoma (HCA)
Adenomatous nodule: Focal adenomatous hyperplasia with incomplete capsule; cold nodule
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Demographics
Selected References
Park JW et al: Korean thyroid imaging reporting and data system features of follicular thyroid adenoma and carcinoma: a single-center study. Ultrasonography. 36(4):349-354, 2017
Nachiappan AC et al: The thyroid: review of imaging features and biopsy techniques with radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics. 34(2):276-93, 2014
Yoon JH et al: Better understanding in the differentiation of thyroid follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma, and follicular variant of papillary carcinoma: a retrospective study. Int J Endocrinol. 2014:321595, 2014
Glastonbury CG: Thyroid Adenoma. In Harnsberger HR et al: Diagnostic Imaging: Head & Neck. 2nd ed. Salt Lake City: Amirsys, Inc. 2011
McHenry CR et al: Follicular adenoma and carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Oncologist. 16(5):585-93, 2011
Ahn SS et al: Biopsy of thyroid nodules: comparison of three sets of guidelines. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(1):31-7, 2010
Iared W et al: Use of color Doppler ultrasonography for the prediction of malignancy in follicular thyroid neoplasms: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Ultrasound Med. 29(3):419-25, 2010
Baier ND et al: Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules: experience in a cohort of 944 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193(4):1175-9, 2009
Gabalec F et al: Benign fine-needle aspiration cytology of thyroid nodule: to repeat or not to repeat? Eur J Endocrinol. 161(6):933-7, 2009
Hartl DM et al: The updated American Thyroid Association Guidelines for management of thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: a surgical perspective. Thyroid. 19(11):1149-51, 2009
Lee EW et al: How diagnostic is ultrasound-guided neck mass biopsy (fine-needle capillary sampling biopsy technique)?: evaluation of 132 nonthyroid neck mass biopsies with pathologic analysis over 7 years at a single institution. J Ultrasound Med. 28(12):1679-84, 2009
Liu Y: Clinical significance of thyroid uptake on F18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Ann Nucl Med. 23(1):17-23, 2009
Lumachi F et al: FNA cytology and frozen section examination in patients with follicular lesions of the thyroid gland. Anticancer Res. 29(12):5255-7, 2009
Stevens C et al: Pediatric thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology: a meta-analysis. J Pediatr Surg. 44(11):2184-91, 2009
Desser TS et al: Ultrasound of thyroid nodules. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 18(3):463-78, vii, 2008
Loevner LA et al: Cross-sectional imaging of the thyroid gland. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 18(3):445-61, vii, 2008
Yeung MJ et al: Management of the solitary thyroid nodule. Oncologist. 13(2):105-12, 2008
Baloch Z et al: Role of repeat fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in the management of thyroid nodules. Diagn Cytopathol. 29(4):203-6, 2003
Demirel K et al: A comparison of radionuclide thyroid angiography, (99m)Tc-MIBI scintigraphy and power Doppler ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of solitary cold thyroid nodules. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 30(5):642-50, 2003
Khati N et al: Ultrasound of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Ultrasound Q. 19(4):162-76, 2003
Kim EK et al: New sonographic criteria for recommending fine-needle aspiration biopsy of nonpalpable solid nodules of the thyroid. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(3):687-91, 2002
Solbiati L et al: Ultrasound of thyroid, parathyroid glands and neck lymph nodes. Eur Radiol. 11(12):2411-24, 2001
Brander AE et al: Importance of thyroid abnormalities detected at US screening: a 5-year follow-up. Radiology. 215(3):801-6, 2000
Gotway MB et al: MR imaging of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 8(1):163-82, ix, 2000
Hermus AR et al: Treatment of benign nodular thyroid disease. N Engl J Med. 338(20):1438-47, 1998
Tan GH et al: Thyroid incidentalomas: management approaches to nonpalpable nodules discovered incidentally on thyroid imaging. Ann Intern Med. 126(3):226-31, 1997
Brander A et al: Thyroid gland: US screening in a random adult population. Radiology. 181(3):683-7, 1991
Brander A et al: Thyroid gland: US screening in middle-aged women with no previous thyroid disease. Radiology. 173(2):507-10, 1989
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