Bookmarks
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Excessive dynamic airway collapse
Definitions
- Excessive expiratory collapse of trachea or bronchi
- May be purely intrinsic or in association with longstanding extrinsic compression
- Excessive expiratory collapse of trachea or bronchi
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Poore TS et al: Vascular and pulmonary comorbidities in children with congenital EA/TEF. Pediatr Pulmonol. 56(2):571-7, 2021
- Gunatilaka CC et al: Increased work of breathing due to tracheomalacia in neonates. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 17(10):1247-56, 2020
- Hysinger EB et al: Ultrashort echo-time MRI for the assessment of tracheomalacia in neonates. Chest. 157(3):595-602, 2020
- Léonard M et al: Co-dominant double aortic arch: a rare cause of vascular ring causing tracheomalacia in a child. Acta Cardiol. 1-2, 2020
- Williams SP et al: Aortopexy for the management of paediatric tracheomalacia - the Alder Hey experience. J Laryngol Otol. 1-4, 2020
- Cohen SL et al: Ultralow dose dynamic expiratory computed tomography for evaluation of tracheomalacia. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 43(2):307-11, 2019
- Wallis C et al: ERS statement on tracheomalacia and bronchomalacia in children. Eur Respir J. 54(3), 2019
- McInnis MC et al: Advanced technologies for imaging and visualization of the tracheobronchial tree: from computed tomography and MRI to virtual endoscopy. Thorac Surg Clin. 28(2):127-37, 2018
- Mohakud S et al: Tracheomalacia with tracheal bronchus. Natl Med J India. 31(1):57, 2018
- Shepard JO et al: Imaging of the trachea. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 7(2):197-209, 2018
- Ciet P et al: Magnetic resonance imaging in children: common problems and possible solutions for lung and airways imaging. Pediatr Radiol. 45(13):1901-15, 2015
- Ciet P et al: Spirometer-controlled cine magnetic resonance imaging used to diagnose tracheobronchomalacia in paediatric patients. Eur Respir J. 43(1):115-24, 2014
- Mitchell ME et al: Anterior tracheal suspension for tracheobronchomalacia in infants and children. Ann Thorac Surg. 98(4):1246-53, 2014
- Vondrys D et al: First experience with biodegradable airway stents in children. Ann Thorac Surg. 92(5):1870-4, 2011
- Lee EY et al: Expiratory volumetric MDCT evaluation of air trapping in pediatric patients with and without tracheomalacia. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(5):1210-5, 2010
- Lee EY et al: MDCT assessment of tracheomalacia in symptomatic infants with mediastinal aortic vascular anomalies: preliminary technical experience. Pediatr Radiol. 38(1):82-8, 2008
- Lee EY et al: MDCT evaluation of the prevalence of tracheomalacia in children with mediastinal aortic vascular anomalies. J Thorac Imaging. 23(4):258-65, 2008
- Carden KA et al: Tracheomalacia and tracheobronchomalacia in children and adults: an in-depth review. Chest. 127(3):984-1005, 2005
- Fraser RS et al: Upper airway obstruction. In: Fraser RS et al: Synopsis of Diseases of the Chest. 3rd ed. Saunders. 631-4, 2005
- Boiselle PM et al: Tracheobronchomalacia: evolving role of dynamic multislice helical CT. Radiol Clin North Am. 41(3):627-36, 2003
- Wright CD: Tracheomalacia. Chest Surg Clin N Am. 13(2):349-57, viii, 2003
- Walner DL et al: Utility of radiographs in the evaluation of pediatric upper airway obstruction. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 108(4):378-83, 1999
- Davis S et al: Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on forced expiratory flows in infants with tracheomalacia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 158(1):148-52, 1998
- Paston F et al: Tracheomalacia. Pediatr Rev. 17(9):328, 1996
- Jacobs IN et al: Tracheobronchomalacia in children. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 120(2):154-8, 1994
- Mair EA et al: Pediatric tracheobronchomalacia and major airway collapse. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 101(4):300-9, 1992
- Miller RW et al: Effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of bronchomalacia in infants: a bronchoscopic documentation. Crit Care Med. 14(2):125-7, 1986
- Holinger LD: Etiology of stridor in the neonate, infant and child. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 89(5 Pt 1):397-400, 1980
Related Anatomy
Loading...
Related Differential Diagnoses
Loading...
References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Excessive dynamic airway collapse
Definitions
- Excessive expiratory collapse of trachea or bronchi
- May be purely intrinsic or in association with longstanding extrinsic compression
- Excessive expiratory collapse of trachea or bronchi
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Poore TS et al: Vascular and pulmonary comorbidities in children with congenital EA/TEF. Pediatr Pulmonol. 56(2):571-7, 2021
- Gunatilaka CC et al: Increased work of breathing due to tracheomalacia in neonates. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 17(10):1247-56, 2020
- Hysinger EB et al: Ultrashort echo-time MRI for the assessment of tracheomalacia in neonates. Chest. 157(3):595-602, 2020
- Léonard M et al: Co-dominant double aortic arch: a rare cause of vascular ring causing tracheomalacia in a child. Acta Cardiol. 1-2, 2020
- Williams SP et al: Aortopexy for the management of paediatric tracheomalacia - the Alder Hey experience. J Laryngol Otol. 1-4, 2020
- Cohen SL et al: Ultralow dose dynamic expiratory computed tomography for evaluation of tracheomalacia. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 43(2):307-11, 2019
- Wallis C et al: ERS statement on tracheomalacia and bronchomalacia in children. Eur Respir J. 54(3), 2019
- McInnis MC et al: Advanced technologies for imaging and visualization of the tracheobronchial tree: from computed tomography and MRI to virtual endoscopy. Thorac Surg Clin. 28(2):127-37, 2018
- Mohakud S et al: Tracheomalacia with tracheal bronchus. Natl Med J India. 31(1):57, 2018
- Shepard JO et al: Imaging of the trachea. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 7(2):197-209, 2018
- Ciet P et al: Magnetic resonance imaging in children: common problems and possible solutions for lung and airways imaging. Pediatr Radiol. 45(13):1901-15, 2015
- Ciet P et al: Spirometer-controlled cine magnetic resonance imaging used to diagnose tracheobronchomalacia in paediatric patients. Eur Respir J. 43(1):115-24, 2014
- Mitchell ME et al: Anterior tracheal suspension for tracheobronchomalacia in infants and children. Ann Thorac Surg. 98(4):1246-53, 2014
- Vondrys D et al: First experience with biodegradable airway stents in children. Ann Thorac Surg. 92(5):1870-4, 2011
- Lee EY et al: Expiratory volumetric MDCT evaluation of air trapping in pediatric patients with and without tracheomalacia. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 194(5):1210-5, 2010
- Lee EY et al: MDCT assessment of tracheomalacia in symptomatic infants with mediastinal aortic vascular anomalies: preliminary technical experience. Pediatr Radiol. 38(1):82-8, 2008
- Lee EY et al: MDCT evaluation of the prevalence of tracheomalacia in children with mediastinal aortic vascular anomalies. J Thorac Imaging. 23(4):258-65, 2008
- Carden KA et al: Tracheomalacia and tracheobronchomalacia in children and adults: an in-depth review. Chest. 127(3):984-1005, 2005
- Fraser RS et al: Upper airway obstruction. In: Fraser RS et al: Synopsis of Diseases of the Chest. 3rd ed. Saunders. 631-4, 2005
- Boiselle PM et al: Tracheobronchomalacia: evolving role of dynamic multislice helical CT. Radiol Clin North Am. 41(3):627-36, 2003
- Wright CD: Tracheomalacia. Chest Surg Clin N Am. 13(2):349-57, viii, 2003
- Walner DL et al: Utility of radiographs in the evaluation of pediatric upper airway obstruction. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 108(4):378-83, 1999
- Davis S et al: Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on forced expiratory flows in infants with tracheomalacia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 158(1):148-52, 1998
- Paston F et al: Tracheomalacia. Pediatr Rev. 17(9):328, 1996
- Jacobs IN et al: Tracheobronchomalacia in children. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 120(2):154-8, 1994
- Mair EA et al: Pediatric tracheobronchomalacia and major airway collapse. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 101(4):300-9, 1992
- Miller RW et al: Effectiveness of continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of bronchomalacia in infants: a bronchoscopic documentation. Crit Care Med. 14(2):125-7, 1986
- Holinger LD: Etiology of stridor in the neonate, infant and child. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 89(5 Pt 1):397-400, 1980
