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Gender Reassignment
Transgender Patients: Terminology and Normal Appearances
Transgender Patients: Terminology and Normal Appearances
Lori Strachowski, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Anatomy Imaging Issues

      • Clinical Implications

        • Cultural Sensitivity and Workflow Issues

          TERMINOLOGY

          • Abbreviations

            • Male to female (MTF, M2F)
            • Female to male (FTM, F2M)

          • Definitions

            • Transgender: Adjective for individuals whose gender identity or expression differs from sex assigned at birth
              • Transgender woman: Biological male who identifies as female; transwoman; MTF, M2F
              • Transgender man: Biological female who identifies as male; transman; FTM, F2M
            • Transition = gender reassignment: Process of changing gender expression ± physical appearance to align with gender identity
            • Transsexual: Medical term applied to transgender individuals who seek permanent transition
            • Nonbinary = bigendered = genderqueer = gender nonconforming: One who identifies as neither exclusively male nor female, or identifies as something else
            • Gender dysphoria: Discomfort/distress related to identifying as gender opposite of that assigned at birth; replaces "gender identity disorder" (DSM-5, 2013)
            • Cisgender: One who identifies with sex assigned at birth (nontransgender)
            • Natal gender: Gender assigned at birth; assigned female at birth (AFAB), assigned male at birth (AMAB)

          IMAGING ANATOMY

          • General Anatomic Considerations

            • Imaging Findings

              CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

              • Epidemiology

                • Gender Reassignment

                  • Health Issues

                    • Cultural Sensitivity and Workflow Issues

                      Selected References

                      1. Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco. Guidelines for the Primary and Gender-Affirming Care of Transgender and Gender Nonbinary People. http://transhealth.ucsf.edu/trans?page=protocol-00-00. Accessed February 2019. Reviewed February 2019
                      2. Fenway Health: Glossary of gender and transgender terms. https://fenwayhealth.org/documents/the-fenway-institute/handouts/Handout_7-C_Glossary_of_Gender_and_Transgender_Terms__fi.pdf. Accessed February 2019. Reviewed February 2019
                      3. Goldberg JE et al: Assessing transgender patient care and gender inclusivity of breast imaging facilities across the United States. J Am Coll Radiol. 15(8):1164-72, 2018
                      4. Sonnenblick EB et al: Breast imaging of transgender individuals: A review. Curr Radiol Rep. 6(1):1, 2018
                      5. Hembree WC et al: Endocrine treatment of gender-dysphoric/gender-incongruent persons: an Endocrine Society Clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 102(11):3869-3903, 2017
                      6. Aydin D et al: Transgender surgery in Denmark from 1994 to 2015: 20-year follow-up study. J Sex Med. 13(4):720-5, 2016
                      7. Deutsch MB et al: Effects of cross-sex hormone treatment on transgender women and men. Obstet Gynecol. 125(3):605-10, 2015
                      8. Phillips J et al: Breast imaging in the transgender patient. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 202(5):1149-56, 2014
                      9. Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women: Committee Opinion no. 512: health care for transgender individuals. Obstet Gynecol. 118(6):1454-8, 2011
                      10. Grant, J.M et al:. Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey. Washington: National Center for Transgender Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, 2011.
                      11. APA Task Force on Gender Identity and Gender Variance. Report of the Task Force on Gender Identity and Gender Variance. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Published August, 2008 By the American Psychological Association, 2008
                      12. Dahl, M. et al: Endocrine therapy for transgender adults in British Columbia: Suggested guidelines. Vancouver, BC: Vancouver Coastal Health.
                      Related Anatomy
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                      References
                      Tables

                      Tables

                      KEY FACTS

                      • Terminology

                        • Anatomy Imaging Issues

                          • Clinical Implications

                            • Cultural Sensitivity and Workflow Issues

                              TERMINOLOGY

                              • Abbreviations

                                • Male to female (MTF, M2F)
                                • Female to male (FTM, F2M)

                              • Definitions

                                • Transgender: Adjective for individuals whose gender identity or expression differs from sex assigned at birth
                                  • Transgender woman: Biological male who identifies as female; transwoman; MTF, M2F
                                  • Transgender man: Biological female who identifies as male; transman; FTM, F2M
                                • Transition = gender reassignment: Process of changing gender expression ± physical appearance to align with gender identity
                                • Transsexual: Medical term applied to transgender individuals who seek permanent transition
                                • Nonbinary = bigendered = genderqueer = gender nonconforming: One who identifies as neither exclusively male nor female, or identifies as something else
                                • Gender dysphoria: Discomfort/distress related to identifying as gender opposite of that assigned at birth; replaces "gender identity disorder" (DSM-5, 2013)
                                • Cisgender: One who identifies with sex assigned at birth (nontransgender)
                                • Natal gender: Gender assigned at birth; assigned female at birth (AFAB), assigned male at birth (AMAB)

                              IMAGING ANATOMY

                              • General Anatomic Considerations

                                • Imaging Findings

                                  CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

                                  • Epidemiology

                                    • Gender Reassignment

                                      • Health Issues

                                        • Cultural Sensitivity and Workflow Issues

                                          Selected References

                                          1. Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco. Guidelines for the Primary and Gender-Affirming Care of Transgender and Gender Nonbinary People. http://transhealth.ucsf.edu/trans?page=protocol-00-00. Accessed February 2019. Reviewed February 2019
                                          2. Fenway Health: Glossary of gender and transgender terms. https://fenwayhealth.org/documents/the-fenway-institute/handouts/Handout_7-C_Glossary_of_Gender_and_Transgender_Terms__fi.pdf. Accessed February 2019. Reviewed February 2019
                                          3. Goldberg JE et al: Assessing transgender patient care and gender inclusivity of breast imaging facilities across the United States. J Am Coll Radiol. 15(8):1164-72, 2018
                                          4. Sonnenblick EB et al: Breast imaging of transgender individuals: A review. Curr Radiol Rep. 6(1):1, 2018
                                          5. Hembree WC et al: Endocrine treatment of gender-dysphoric/gender-incongruent persons: an Endocrine Society Clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 102(11):3869-3903, 2017
                                          6. Aydin D et al: Transgender surgery in Denmark from 1994 to 2015: 20-year follow-up study. J Sex Med. 13(4):720-5, 2016
                                          7. Deutsch MB et al: Effects of cross-sex hormone treatment on transgender women and men. Obstet Gynecol. 125(3):605-10, 2015
                                          8. Phillips J et al: Breast imaging in the transgender patient. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 202(5):1149-56, 2014
                                          9. Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women: Committee Opinion no. 512: health care for transgender individuals. Obstet Gynecol. 118(6):1454-8, 2011
                                          10. Grant, J.M et al:. Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey. Washington: National Center for Transgender Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, 2011.
                                          11. APA Task Force on Gender Identity and Gender Variance. Report of the Task Force on Gender Identity and Gender Variance. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Published August, 2008 By the American Psychological Association, 2008
                                          12. Dahl, M. et al: Endocrine therapy for transgender adults in British Columbia: Suggested guidelines. Vancouver, BC: Vancouver Coastal Health.
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