Transgender Patients: Terminology and Normal Appearances
Lori Strachowski, MD
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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Anatomy Imaging Issues
Clinical Implications
Cultural Sensitivity and Workflow Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Male to female (MTF, M2F)
Female to male (FTM, F2M)
Definitions
Transgender: Adjective for individuals whose gender identity or expression differs from sex assigned at birth
Transgender woman: Biological male who identifies as female; transwoman; MTF, M2F
Transgender man: Biological female who identifies as male; transman; FTM, F2M
Transition = gender reassignment: Process of changing gender expression ± physical appearance to align with gender identity
Transsexual: Medical term applied to transgender individuals who seek permanent transition
Nonbinary = bigendered = genderqueer = gender nonconforming: One who identifies as neither exclusively male nor female, or identifies as something else
Gender dysphoria: Discomfort/distress related to identifying as gender opposite of that assigned at birth; replaces "gender identity disorder" (DSM-5, 2013)
Cisgender: One who identifies with sex assigned at birth (nontransgender)
Natal gender: Gender assigned at birth; assigned female at birth (AFAB), assigned male at birth (AMAB)
IMAGING ANATOMY
General Anatomic Considerations
Imaging Findings
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Epidemiology
Gender Reassignment
Health Issues
Cultural Sensitivity and Workflow Issues
Selected References
Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco. Guidelines for the Primary and Gender-Affirming Care of Transgender and Gender Nonbinary People. http://transhealth.ucsf.edu/trans?page=protocol-00-00. Accessed February 2019. Reviewed February 2019
Fenway Health: Glossary of gender and transgender terms. https://fenwayhealth.org/documents/the-fenway-institute/handouts/Handout_7-C_Glossary_of_Gender_and_Transgender_Terms__fi.pdf. Accessed February 2019. Reviewed February 2019
Goldberg JE et al: Assessing transgender patient care and gender inclusivity of breast imaging facilities across the United States. J Am Coll Radiol. 15(8):1164-72, 2018
Sonnenblick EB et al: Breast imaging of transgender individuals: A review. Curr Radiol Rep. 6(1):1, 2018
Hembree WC et al: Endocrine treatment of gender-dysphoric/gender-incongruent persons: an Endocrine Society Clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 102(11):3869-3903, 2017
Aydin D et al: Transgender surgery in Denmark from 1994 to 2015: 20-year follow-up study. J Sex Med. 13(4):720-5, 2016
Deutsch MB et al: Effects of cross-sex hormone treatment on transgender women and men. Obstet Gynecol. 125(3):605-10, 2015
Phillips J et al: Breast imaging in the transgender patient. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 202(5):1149-56, 2014
Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women: Committee Opinion no. 512: health care for transgender individuals. Obstet Gynecol. 118(6):1454-8, 2011
Grant, J.M et al:. Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey. Washington: National Center for Transgender Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, 2011.
APA Task Force on Gender Identity and Gender Variance. Report of the Task Force on Gender Identity and Gender Variance. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Published August, 2008 By the American Psychological Association, 2008
Dahl, M. et al: Endocrine therapy for transgender adults in British Columbia: Suggested guidelines. Vancouver, BC: Vancouver Coastal Health.
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Anatomy Imaging Issues
Clinical Implications
Cultural Sensitivity and Workflow Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Male to female (MTF, M2F)
Female to male (FTM, F2M)
Definitions
Transgender: Adjective for individuals whose gender identity or expression differs from sex assigned at birth
Transgender woman: Biological male who identifies as female; transwoman; MTF, M2F
Transgender man: Biological female who identifies as male; transman; FTM, F2M
Transition = gender reassignment: Process of changing gender expression ± physical appearance to align with gender identity
Transsexual: Medical term applied to transgender individuals who seek permanent transition
Nonbinary = bigendered = genderqueer = gender nonconforming: One who identifies as neither exclusively male nor female, or identifies as something else
Gender dysphoria: Discomfort/distress related to identifying as gender opposite of that assigned at birth; replaces "gender identity disorder" (DSM-5, 2013)
Cisgender: One who identifies with sex assigned at birth (nontransgender)
Natal gender: Gender assigned at birth; assigned female at birth (AFAB), assigned male at birth (AMAB)
IMAGING ANATOMY
General Anatomic Considerations
Imaging Findings
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
Epidemiology
Gender Reassignment
Health Issues
Cultural Sensitivity and Workflow Issues
Selected References
Center of Excellence for Transgender Health, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco. Guidelines for the Primary and Gender-Affirming Care of Transgender and Gender Nonbinary People. http://transhealth.ucsf.edu/trans?page=protocol-00-00. Accessed February 2019. Reviewed February 2019
Fenway Health: Glossary of gender and transgender terms. https://fenwayhealth.org/documents/the-fenway-institute/handouts/Handout_7-C_Glossary_of_Gender_and_Transgender_Terms__fi.pdf. Accessed February 2019. Reviewed February 2019
Goldberg JE et al: Assessing transgender patient care and gender inclusivity of breast imaging facilities across the United States. J Am Coll Radiol. 15(8):1164-72, 2018
Sonnenblick EB et al: Breast imaging of transgender individuals: A review. Curr Radiol Rep. 6(1):1, 2018
Hembree WC et al: Endocrine treatment of gender-dysphoric/gender-incongruent persons: an Endocrine Society Clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 102(11):3869-3903, 2017
Aydin D et al: Transgender surgery in Denmark from 1994 to 2015: 20-year follow-up study. J Sex Med. 13(4):720-5, 2016
Deutsch MB et al: Effects of cross-sex hormone treatment on transgender women and men. Obstet Gynecol. 125(3):605-10, 2015
Phillips J et al: Breast imaging in the transgender patient. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 202(5):1149-56, 2014
Committee on Health Care for Underserved Women: Committee Opinion no. 512: health care for transgender individuals. Obstet Gynecol. 118(6):1454-8, 2011
Grant, J.M et al:. Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey. Washington: National Center for Transgender Equality and National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, 2011.
APA Task Force on Gender Identity and Gender Variance. Report of the Task Force on Gender Identity and Gender Variance. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Published August, 2008 By the American Psychological Association, 2008
Dahl, M. et al: Endocrine therapy for transgender adults in British Columbia: Suggested guidelines. Vancouver, BC: Vancouver Coastal Health.
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