Transient bone marrow edema syndrome: painful bone marrow edema centered around joints; of uncertain etiology and self-limited
Transient regional osteoporosis (TRO): likely subset of transient bone marrow edema syndrome that shows bone marrow edema and radiographic osteoporosis
Regional migratory osteoporosis: TRO that shows migratory pattern
Transient osteoporosis of hip (TOH): TRO, specifically of hip (most common location)
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
Radiographic Findings
MR Findings
Bone Scan Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
Tarantino U et al: Bone marrow edema: overview of etiology and treatment strategies. J Bone Joint Surg Am. ePub, 2021
Balfousias T et al: Lower limb pain attributed to bone marrow edema syndrome: a commonly ignored pathology. Cureus. 12(4):e7679, 2020
Geith T et al: Is bone marrow edema syndrome a precursor of hip or knee osteonecrosis? Results of 49 patients and review of the literature. Diagn Interv Radiol. 26(4):355-62, 2020
Ghasemi RA et al: Technologies in the treatment of bone marrow edema syndrome. Orthop Clin North Am. 50(1):131-8, 2019
Geith T et al: Transient bone marrow edema syndrome versus osteonecrosis: perfusion patterns at dynamic contrast-enhanced MR Imaging with high temporal resolution can allow differentiation. Radiology. 283(2):478-85, 2017
Klontzas ME et al: MR imaging of transient osteoporosis of the hip: an update on 155 hip joints. Eur J Radiol. 84(3):431-6, 2015
Joshi V et al: Painless transient bone marrow edema syndrome in a pediatric patient. Skeletal Radiol. 43(11):1615-9, 2014
Korompilias AV et al: Bone marrow edema syndrome. Skeletal Radiol. 38(5):425-36, 2009
Roemer FW et al: MRI-detected subchondral bone marrow signal alterations of the knee joint: terminology, imaging appearance, relevance and radiological differential diagnosis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 17(9):1115-31, 2009
Shabshin N et al: High-signal T2 changes of the bone marrow of the foot and ankle in children: red marrow or traumatic changes? Pediatr Radiol. 36(7):670-6, 2006
Hofmann S: The painful bone marrow edema syndrome of the hip joint. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 117(4):111-20, 2005
Gigena LM et al: Transient bone marrow edema of the talus: MR imaging findings in five patients. Skeletal Radiol. 31(4):202-7, 2002
Vande Berg BC et al: Idiopathic bone marrow edema lesions of the femoral head: predictive value of MR imaging findings. Radiology. 212(2):527-35, 1999
McCarthy EF: The pathology of transient regional osteoporosis. Iowa Orthop J. 18:35-42, 1998
Hayes CW et al: MR imaging of bone marrow edema pattern: transient osteoporosis, transient bone marrow edema syndrome, or osteonecrosis. Radiographics. 13(5):1001-11; discussion 1012, 1993
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References
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Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Transient bone marrow edema syndrome: painful bone marrow edema centered around joints; of uncertain etiology and self-limited
Transient regional osteoporosis (TRO): likely subset of transient bone marrow edema syndrome that shows bone marrow edema and radiographic osteoporosis
Regional migratory osteoporosis: TRO that shows migratory pattern
Transient osteoporosis of hip (TOH): TRO, specifically of hip (most common location)
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
Radiographic Findings
MR Findings
Bone Scan Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
Tarantino U et al: Bone marrow edema: overview of etiology and treatment strategies. J Bone Joint Surg Am. ePub, 2021
Balfousias T et al: Lower limb pain attributed to bone marrow edema syndrome: a commonly ignored pathology. Cureus. 12(4):e7679, 2020
Geith T et al: Is bone marrow edema syndrome a precursor of hip or knee osteonecrosis? Results of 49 patients and review of the literature. Diagn Interv Radiol. 26(4):355-62, 2020
Ghasemi RA et al: Technologies in the treatment of bone marrow edema syndrome. Orthop Clin North Am. 50(1):131-8, 2019
Geith T et al: Transient bone marrow edema syndrome versus osteonecrosis: perfusion patterns at dynamic contrast-enhanced MR Imaging with high temporal resolution can allow differentiation. Radiology. 283(2):478-85, 2017
Klontzas ME et al: MR imaging of transient osteoporosis of the hip: an update on 155 hip joints. Eur J Radiol. 84(3):431-6, 2015
Joshi V et al: Painless transient bone marrow edema syndrome in a pediatric patient. Skeletal Radiol. 43(11):1615-9, 2014
Korompilias AV et al: Bone marrow edema syndrome. Skeletal Radiol. 38(5):425-36, 2009
Roemer FW et al: MRI-detected subchondral bone marrow signal alterations of the knee joint: terminology, imaging appearance, relevance and radiological differential diagnosis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 17(9):1115-31, 2009
Shabshin N et al: High-signal T2 changes of the bone marrow of the foot and ankle in children: red marrow or traumatic changes? Pediatr Radiol. 36(7):670-6, 2006
Hofmann S: The painful bone marrow edema syndrome of the hip joint. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 117(4):111-20, 2005
Gigena LM et al: Transient bone marrow edema of the talus: MR imaging findings in five patients. Skeletal Radiol. 31(4):202-7, 2002
Vande Berg BC et al: Idiopathic bone marrow edema lesions of the femoral head: predictive value of MR imaging findings. Radiology. 212(2):527-35, 1999
McCarthy EF: The pathology of transient regional osteoporosis. Iowa Orthop J. 18:35-42, 1998
Hayes CW et al: MR imaging of bone marrow edema pattern: transient osteoporosis, transient bone marrow edema syndrome, or osteonecrosis. Radiographics. 13(5):1001-11; discussion 1012, 1993
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