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Spine
Diagnosis
Trauma
Vertebral Column, Discs, and Paraspinal Muscle
Traumatic Disc Herniation
Traumatic Disc Herniation
Kevin R. Moore, MD; Jeffrey S. Ross, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Clinical Issues

          • Diagnostic Checklist

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Definitions

              • Traumatic disruption of annularis fibrosis with associated displacement of nucleus pulposus

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • Radiographic Findings

                • CT Findings

                  • MR Findings

                    • Imaging Recommendations

                      DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                        PATHOLOGY

                        • General Features

                          CLINICAL ISSUES

                          • Presentation

                            • Demographics

                              • Natural History & Prognosis

                                • Treatment

                                  DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                  • Consider

                                    Selected References

                                    1. Kim JH et al: Traumatic lumbar disc herniation mimicking epidural hematoma: a case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 98(18):e15438, 2019
                                    2. Sane JC et al: Early presentation of traumatic cervical disc herniation with neurologic deficit and without an adjacent bone lesion. Int Orthop. 43(4):785-90, 2019
                                    3. Dahdaleh NS et al: An algorithm for the management of posttraumatic cervical spondyloptosis. J Clin Neurosci. 20(7):951-7, 2013
                                    4. Kasimatis GB et al: The adult spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormalities syndrome: magnetic resonance imaging and clinical findings in adults with spinal cord injuries having normal radiographs and computed tomography studies. J Trauma. 65(1):86-93, 2008
                                    5. Kreichati GE et al: Herniated intervertebral disc associated with a lumbar spine dislocation as a cause of cauda equina syndrome: a case report. Eur Spine J. 15(6):1015-8, 2006
                                    6. Tohme-Noun C et al: Imaging features of traumatic dislocation of the lumbosacral joint associated with disc herniation. Skeletal Radiol. 32(6):360-3, 2003
                                    7. Hadley MN: Initial closed reduction of cervical spine fracture-dislocation injuries. Neurosurgery. 50(3 Suppl):S44-50, 2002
                                    8. Hayes KC et al: Retropulsion of intervertebral discs associated with traumatic hyperextension of the cervical spine and absence of vertebral fracture: an uncommon mechanism of spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 40(10):544-7, 2002
                                    9. Fuentes S et al: Traumatic thoracic disc herniation. Case illustration. J Neurosurg. 95(2 Suppl):276, 2001
                                    10. Dai L et al: Central cord injury complicating acute cervical disc herniation in trauma. Spine. 25(3):331-5; discussion 336, 2000
                                    11. Vaccaro AR et al: Magnetic resonance evaluation of the intervertebral disc, spinal ligaments, and spinal cord before and after closed traction reduction of cervical spine dislocations. Spine. 24(12):1210-7, 1999
                                    12. Bucciero A et al: Myeloradicular damage in traumatic cervical disc herniation. J Neurosurg Sci. 42(4):203-11, 1998
                                    13. Rumana CS et al: Brown-Sequard syndrome produced by cervical disc herniation: case report and literature review. Surg Neurol. 45(4):359-61, 1996
                                    14. Doran SE et al: Magnetic resonance imaging documentation of coexistent traumatic locked facets of the cervical spine and disc herniation. J Neurosurg. 79(3):341-5, 1993
                                    15. Eismont FJ et al: Extrusion of an intervertebral disc associated with traumatic subluxation or dislocation of cervical facets. Case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 73(10):1555-60, 1991
                                    16. Rizzolo SJ et al: Intervertebral disc injury complicating cervical spine trauma. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 16(6 Suppl):S187-9, 1991
                                    Related Anatomy
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                                    Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                    References
                                    Tables

                                    Tables

                                    KEY FACTS

                                    • Terminology

                                      • Imaging

                                        • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                          • Clinical Issues

                                            • Diagnostic Checklist

                                              TERMINOLOGY

                                              • Definitions

                                                • Traumatic disruption of annularis fibrosis with associated displacement of nucleus pulposus

                                              IMAGING

                                              • General Features

                                                • Radiographic Findings

                                                  • CT Findings

                                                    • MR Findings

                                                      • Imaging Recommendations

                                                        DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                          PATHOLOGY

                                                          • General Features

                                                            CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                            • Presentation

                                                              • Demographics

                                                                • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                  • Treatment

                                                                    DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                    • Consider

                                                                      Selected References

                                                                      1. Kim JH et al: Traumatic lumbar disc herniation mimicking epidural hematoma: a case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore). 98(18):e15438, 2019
                                                                      2. Sane JC et al: Early presentation of traumatic cervical disc herniation with neurologic deficit and without an adjacent bone lesion. Int Orthop. 43(4):785-90, 2019
                                                                      3. Dahdaleh NS et al: An algorithm for the management of posttraumatic cervical spondyloptosis. J Clin Neurosci. 20(7):951-7, 2013
                                                                      4. Kasimatis GB et al: The adult spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormalities syndrome: magnetic resonance imaging and clinical findings in adults with spinal cord injuries having normal radiographs and computed tomography studies. J Trauma. 65(1):86-93, 2008
                                                                      5. Kreichati GE et al: Herniated intervertebral disc associated with a lumbar spine dislocation as a cause of cauda equina syndrome: a case report. Eur Spine J. 15(6):1015-8, 2006
                                                                      6. Tohme-Noun C et al: Imaging features of traumatic dislocation of the lumbosacral joint associated with disc herniation. Skeletal Radiol. 32(6):360-3, 2003
                                                                      7. Hadley MN: Initial closed reduction of cervical spine fracture-dislocation injuries. Neurosurgery. 50(3 Suppl):S44-50, 2002
                                                                      8. Hayes KC et al: Retropulsion of intervertebral discs associated with traumatic hyperextension of the cervical spine and absence of vertebral fracture: an uncommon mechanism of spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 40(10):544-7, 2002
                                                                      9. Fuentes S et al: Traumatic thoracic disc herniation. Case illustration. J Neurosurg. 95(2 Suppl):276, 2001
                                                                      10. Dai L et al: Central cord injury complicating acute cervical disc herniation in trauma. Spine. 25(3):331-5; discussion 336, 2000
                                                                      11. Vaccaro AR et al: Magnetic resonance evaluation of the intervertebral disc, spinal ligaments, and spinal cord before and after closed traction reduction of cervical spine dislocations. Spine. 24(12):1210-7, 1999
                                                                      12. Bucciero A et al: Myeloradicular damage in traumatic cervical disc herniation. J Neurosurg Sci. 42(4):203-11, 1998
                                                                      13. Rumana CS et al: Brown-Sequard syndrome produced by cervical disc herniation: case report and literature review. Surg Neurol. 45(4):359-61, 1996
                                                                      14. Doran SE et al: Magnetic resonance imaging documentation of coexistent traumatic locked facets of the cervical spine and disc herniation. J Neurosurg. 79(3):341-5, 1993
                                                                      15. Eismont FJ et al: Extrusion of an intervertebral disc associated with traumatic subluxation or dislocation of cervical facets. Case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 73(10):1555-60, 1991
                                                                      16. Rizzolo SJ et al: Intervertebral disc injury complicating cervical spine trauma. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 16(6 Suppl):S187-9, 1991