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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Preprocedure
Procedure
Post Procedure
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Trigger point (TP)
- Trigger point injection (TPI)
Definitions
- TP: Discrete, focal, hyperirritable spots located in taut band of skeletal muscle
- Active TP: Associated with tenderness at rest, taut band of muscle, local twitch response, and reproducible referred pain from palpation
- Latent TP: More common and not associated with spontaneous pain
PREPROCEDURE
Indications
Contraindications
Preprocedure Imaging
Getting Started
PROCEDURE
Patient Position/Location
Procedure Steps
Findings and Reporting
POST PROCEDURE
Expected Outcome
Things To Do
Things To Avoid
OUTCOMES
Complications
Selected References
- Tang TY et al: Ultrasound-guided 5-in-1 injection: trigger point injections and nerve hydrodissections for nonspecific upper back pain. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 98(6):e55-6, 2019
- Calvo-Lobo C et al: Dry needling on the infraspinatus latent and active myofascial trigger points in older adults with nonspecific shoulder pain: a randomized clinical trial. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 41(1):1-13, 2018
- Gandolfi M et al: Does myofascial and trigger point treatment reduce pain and analgesic intake in patients undergoing onabotulinumtoxinA injection due to chronic intractable migraine? Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 54(1):1-12, 2018
- Unverzagt C et al: DRY needling for myofascial trigger point pain: a clinical commenTARY. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 10(3):402-18, 2015
- Wong CS et al: A new look at trigger point injections. Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2012:492452, 2012
- Scott NA et al: Trigger point injections for chronic non-malignant musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review. Pain Med. 10(1):54-69, 2009
- Sikdar S et al: Novel applications of ultrasound technology to visualize and characterize myofascial trigger points and surrounding soft tissue. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 90(11):1829-38, 2009
- Alvarez DJ et al: Trigger points: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 65(4):653-60, 2002
- Rachlin ES, Rachlin I. Myofascial Pain and Fibromyalgia: Trigger Point Management. 2nd ed. St Louis: Mosby, 2002
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Preprocedure
Procedure
Post Procedure
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Trigger point (TP)
- Trigger point injection (TPI)
Definitions
- TP: Discrete, focal, hyperirritable spots located in taut band of skeletal muscle
- Active TP: Associated with tenderness at rest, taut band of muscle, local twitch response, and reproducible referred pain from palpation
- Latent TP: More common and not associated with spontaneous pain
PREPROCEDURE
Indications
Contraindications
Preprocedure Imaging
Getting Started
PROCEDURE
Patient Position/Location
Procedure Steps
Findings and Reporting
POST PROCEDURE
Expected Outcome
Things To Do
Things To Avoid
OUTCOMES
Complications
Selected References
- Tang TY et al: Ultrasound-guided 5-in-1 injection: trigger point injections and nerve hydrodissections for nonspecific upper back pain. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 98(6):e55-6, 2019
- Calvo-Lobo C et al: Dry needling on the infraspinatus latent and active myofascial trigger points in older adults with nonspecific shoulder pain: a randomized clinical trial. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 41(1):1-13, 2018
- Gandolfi M et al: Does myofascial and trigger point treatment reduce pain and analgesic intake in patients undergoing onabotulinumtoxinA injection due to chronic intractable migraine? Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 54(1):1-12, 2018
- Unverzagt C et al: DRY needling for myofascial trigger point pain: a clinical commenTARY. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 10(3):402-18, 2015
- Wong CS et al: A new look at trigger point injections. Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2012:492452, 2012
- Scott NA et al: Trigger point injections for chronic non-malignant musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review. Pain Med. 10(1):54-69, 2009
- Sikdar S et al: Novel applications of ultrasound technology to visualize and characterize myofascial trigger points and surrounding soft tissue. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 90(11):1829-38, 2009
- Alvarez DJ et al: Trigger points: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 65(4):653-60, 2002
- Rachlin ES, Rachlin I. Myofascial Pain and Fibromyalgia: Trigger Point Management. 2nd ed. St Louis: Mosby, 2002
