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KEY FACTS
Terminology
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TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Spectrum of disease including endometritis, salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and oophoritis
Usually sexually transmitted disease involving organism such as Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae but can also be polymicrobial
Can occur from extension of inflammation from adjacent organs such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, and colitis
Pyosalpinx
Tube distended with pus
Tubo-ovarian complex (TOC)
Abscess adherent to tube
Distinguishable separate ovary
Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA)
Abscess involving tube and ovary
Separate ovary no longer distinguishable
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Romosan G et al: The sensitivity and specificity of transvaginal ultrasound with regard to acute pelvic inflammatory disease: a review of the literature. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 289(4):705-14, 2014
Kaproth-Joslin K et al: Imaging of female infertility: a pictorial guide to the hysterosalpingography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings of the congenital and acquired causes of female infertility. Radiol Clin North Am. 51(6):967-81, 2013
Romosan G et al: Ultrasound for diagnosing acute salpingitis: a prospective observational diagnostic study. Hum Reprod. 28(6):1569-79, 2013
Andreotti RF et al: Sonographic evaluation of acute pelvic pain. J Ultrasound Med. 31(11):1713-8, 2012
Chappell CA et al: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of severe pelvic inflammatory disease and tuboovarian abscess. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 55(4):893-903, 2012
Roche O et al: Radiological appearances of gynaecological emergencies. Insights Imaging. 3(3):265-75, 2012
Rezvani M et al: Fallopian tube disease in the nonpregnant patient. Radiographics. 31(2):527-48, 2011
Moyle PL et al: Nonovarian cystic lesions of the pelvis. Radiographics. 30(4):921-38, 2010
Kim JY et al: Perihepatitis with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) on MDCT: characteristic findings and relevance to PID. Abdom Imaging. 34(6):737-42, 2009
Adhikari S et al: Role of bedside transvaginal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of tubo-ovarian abscess in the emergency department. J Emerg Med. 34(4):429-33, 2008
Halperin R et al: Predictors of tuboovarian abscess in acute pelvic inflammatory disease. J Reprod Med. 53(1):40-4, 2008
Potter AW et al: US and CT evaluation of acute pelvic pain of gynecologic origin in nonpregnant premenopausal patients. Radiographics. 28(6):1645-59, 2008
Piscaglia F et al: Fitz-Hugh-Curtis-syndrome mimicking acute cholecystitis: value of new ultrasound findings in the differential diagnosis. Ultraschall Med. 26(3):227-30, 2005
Spectrum of disease including endometritis, salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and oophoritis
Usually sexually transmitted disease involving organism such as Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae but can also be polymicrobial
Can occur from extension of inflammation from adjacent organs such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, and colitis
Pyosalpinx
Tube distended with pus
Tubo-ovarian complex (TOC)
Abscess adherent to tube
Distinguishable separate ovary
Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA)
Abscess involving tube and ovary
Separate ovary no longer distinguishable
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
Imaging Recommendations
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Romosan G et al: The sensitivity and specificity of transvaginal ultrasound with regard to acute pelvic inflammatory disease: a review of the literature. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 289(4):705-14, 2014
Kaproth-Joslin K et al: Imaging of female infertility: a pictorial guide to the hysterosalpingography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging findings of the congenital and acquired causes of female infertility. Radiol Clin North Am. 51(6):967-81, 2013
Romosan G et al: Ultrasound for diagnosing acute salpingitis: a prospective observational diagnostic study. Hum Reprod. 28(6):1569-79, 2013
Andreotti RF et al: Sonographic evaluation of acute pelvic pain. J Ultrasound Med. 31(11):1713-8, 2012
Chappell CA et al: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of severe pelvic inflammatory disease and tuboovarian abscess. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 55(4):893-903, 2012
Roche O et al: Radiological appearances of gynaecological emergencies. Insights Imaging. 3(3):265-75, 2012
Rezvani M et al: Fallopian tube disease in the nonpregnant patient. Radiographics. 31(2):527-48, 2011
Moyle PL et al: Nonovarian cystic lesions of the pelvis. Radiographics. 30(4):921-38, 2010
Kim JY et al: Perihepatitis with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) on MDCT: characteristic findings and relevance to PID. Abdom Imaging. 34(6):737-42, 2009
Adhikari S et al: Role of bedside transvaginal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of tubo-ovarian abscess in the emergency department. J Emerg Med. 34(4):429-33, 2008
Halperin R et al: Predictors of tuboovarian abscess in acute pelvic inflammatory disease. J Reprod Med. 53(1):40-4, 2008
Potter AW et al: US and CT evaluation of acute pelvic pain of gynecologic origin in nonpregnant premenopausal patients. Radiographics. 28(6):1645-59, 2008
Piscaglia F et al: Fitz-Hugh-Curtis-syndrome mimicking acute cholecystitis: value of new ultrasound findings in the differential diagnosis. Ultraschall Med. 26(3):227-30, 2005