UCL tear commonly refers to tear of anterior bundle
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Cinque ME et al: Review of anatomy of the medial ulnar collateral ligament complex of the elbow. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 13(1):96-102, 2020
Park JY et al: Valgus stress ultrasound for medial ulnar collateral ligament injuries in athletes: is ultrasound alone enough for diagnosis? J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 29(3):578-86, 2020
Chauvin NA et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of elbow injuries in children. Pediatr Radiol. 49(12):1629-42, 2019
Lin DJ et al: Ulnar collateral ligament insertional injuries in pediatric overhead athletes: are MRI findings predictive of symptoms or need for surgery? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 212(4):867-73, 2019
Wong TT et al: Elbow injuries in adult overhead athletes. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 208(3):W110-20, 2017
Magee T: Accuracy of 3-T MR arthrography versus conventional 3-T MRI of elbow tendons and ligaments compared with surgery. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 204(1):W70-5, 2015
Dugas J et al: Ulnar collateral ligament in the overhead athlete: a current review. Sports Med Arthrosc. 22(3):169-82, 2014
Konin GP et al: US of the elbow: indications, technique, normal anatomy, and pathologic conditions. Radiographics. 33(4):E125-47, 2013
Wenzke DR: MR imaging of the elbow in the injured athlete. Radiol Clin North Am. 51(2):195-213, 2013
Meyers A et al: Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction. Hand Clin. 24(1):53-67, 2008
Schwartz ML et al: Avulsion of the medial epicondyle after ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction: imaging of a rare throwing injury. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 190(3):595-8, 2008
Vitale MA et al: The outcome of elbow ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in overhead athletes: a systematic review. Am J Sports Med. 36(6):1193-205, 2008
Ouellette H et al: Imaging of the overhead throwing athlete. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2005 Dec;9(4):316-33. Review. Erratum in: Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 11(1):91, 2007
Tran N et al: Ultrasonography of the elbow. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 11(2):105-16, 2007
Safran M et al: Ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow. Arthroscopy. 21(11):1381-95, 2005
Kaplan LJ et al: MR imaging of ligament injuries to the elbow. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 12(2):221-32, v-vi, 2004
Munshi M et al: Anterior bundle of ulnar collateral ligament: evaluation of anatomic relationships by using MR imaging, MR arthrography, and gross anatomic and histologic analysis. Radiology. 231(3):797-803, 2004
De Smet AA et al: Dynamic sonography with valgus stress to assess elbow ulnar collateral ligament injury in baseball pitchers. Skeletal Radiol. 31(11):671-6, 2002
Salvo JP et al: Avulsion fracture of the ulnar sublime tubercle in overhead throwing athletes. Am J Sports Med. 30(3):426-31, 2002
Glajchen N et al: Avulsion fracture of the sublime tubercle of the ulna: a newly recognized injury in the throwing athlete. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(3):627-8, 1998
Nakanishi K et al: MR arthrography of elbow: evaluation of the ulnar collateral ligament of elbow. Skeletal Radiol. 25(7):629-34, 1996
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL)
Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
Synonyms
MCL injury
Definitions
Sprain, tear, or avulsion of UCL of elbow
UCL tear commonly refers to tear of anterior bundle
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Cinque ME et al: Review of anatomy of the medial ulnar collateral ligament complex of the elbow. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 13(1):96-102, 2020
Park JY et al: Valgus stress ultrasound for medial ulnar collateral ligament injuries in athletes: is ultrasound alone enough for diagnosis? J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 29(3):578-86, 2020
Chauvin NA et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of elbow injuries in children. Pediatr Radiol. 49(12):1629-42, 2019
Lin DJ et al: Ulnar collateral ligament insertional injuries in pediatric overhead athletes: are MRI findings predictive of symptoms or need for surgery? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 212(4):867-73, 2019
Wong TT et al: Elbow injuries in adult overhead athletes. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 208(3):W110-20, 2017
Magee T: Accuracy of 3-T MR arthrography versus conventional 3-T MRI of elbow tendons and ligaments compared with surgery. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 204(1):W70-5, 2015
Dugas J et al: Ulnar collateral ligament in the overhead athlete: a current review. Sports Med Arthrosc. 22(3):169-82, 2014
Konin GP et al: US of the elbow: indications, technique, normal anatomy, and pathologic conditions. Radiographics. 33(4):E125-47, 2013
Wenzke DR: MR imaging of the elbow in the injured athlete. Radiol Clin North Am. 51(2):195-213, 2013
Meyers A et al: Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction. Hand Clin. 24(1):53-67, 2008
Schwartz ML et al: Avulsion of the medial epicondyle after ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction: imaging of a rare throwing injury. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 190(3):595-8, 2008
Vitale MA et al: The outcome of elbow ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction in overhead athletes: a systematic review. Am J Sports Med. 36(6):1193-205, 2008
Ouellette H et al: Imaging of the overhead throwing athlete. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 2005 Dec;9(4):316-33. Review. Erratum in: Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 11(1):91, 2007
Tran N et al: Ultrasonography of the elbow. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol. 11(2):105-16, 2007
Safran M et al: Ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow. Arthroscopy. 21(11):1381-95, 2005
Kaplan LJ et al: MR imaging of ligament injuries to the elbow. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 12(2):221-32, v-vi, 2004
Munshi M et al: Anterior bundle of ulnar collateral ligament: evaluation of anatomic relationships by using MR imaging, MR arthrography, and gross anatomic and histologic analysis. Radiology. 231(3):797-803, 2004
De Smet AA et al: Dynamic sonography with valgus stress to assess elbow ulnar collateral ligament injury in baseball pitchers. Skeletal Radiol. 31(11):671-6, 2002
Salvo JP et al: Avulsion fracture of the ulnar sublime tubercle in overhead throwing athletes. Am J Sports Med. 30(3):426-31, 2002
Glajchen N et al: Avulsion fracture of the sublime tubercle of the ulna: a newly recognized injury in the throwing athlete. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(3):627-8, 1998
Nakanishi K et al: MR arthrography of elbow: evaluation of the ulnar collateral ligament of elbow. Skeletal Radiol. 25(7):629-34, 1996
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