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Obstetrics
Diagnosis
Placenta, Membranes, and Umbilical Cord
Umbilical Cord Abnormalities
Umbilical Vein Varix
Umbilical Vein Varix
Anne M. Kennedy, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Clinical Issues

          TERMINOLOGY

          • Abbreviations

            • Umbilical vein varix (UVV)

          • Definitions

            • Focal dilatation of umbilical vein (UV) > 9-mm diameter
            • Diameter 50% > intrahepatic portion of UV
            • UV diameter > 2 standard deviations above mean

          IMAGING

          • General Features

            • Ultrasonographic Findings

              • Imaging Recommendations

                DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                  PATHOLOGY

                  • General Features

                    • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                      CLINICAL ISSUES

                      • Presentation

                        • Demographics

                          • Natural History & Prognosis

                            • Treatment

                              DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                              • Consider

                                Selected References

                                1. Lee SW et al: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of antenatal fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix detection. Obstet Gynecol Sci. 57(3):181-6, 2014
                                2. Bas-Lando M et al: The prenatal diagnosis of isolated fetal varix of the intra-abdominal umbilical vein is associated with favorable neonatal outcome at term: a case series. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 288(1):33-9, 2013
                                3. Brookfield KF et al: Isolated umbilical vein varix with a poor outcome despite close fetal surveillance. J Ultrasound Med. 32(9):1680-2, 2013
                                4. Kanenishi K et al: HDlive imaging of intra-amniotic umbilical vein varix with thrombosis. Placenta. 34(11):1110-2, 2013
                                5. Melcer Y et al: Long-term outcomes of children with umbilical vein varix diagnosed prenatally. Prenat Diagn. 33(5):492-6, 2013
                                6. Sanapo L et al: Four cases of fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix: a single centre's approach to management. J Obstet Gynaecol. 33(4):375-7, 2013
                                7. Cohen Y et al: Ultrasonographic evidence of intra-abdominal umbilical vein dilatation: is it a true varix? Ultrasound Med Biol. 38(3):412-6, 2012
                                8. Lu M et al: Two- and three-dimensional sonographic diagnosis of fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix: a case report. J Clin Ultrasound. 40(9):586-9, 2012
                                9. Mankuta D et al: Isolated fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix: clinical importance and recommendations. J Ultrasound Med. 30(2):273-6, 2011
                                10. Vanrykel K et al: Neonatal disseminated intravascular coagulation after thrombosis of a fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix. J Obstet Gynaecol. 30(3):315, 2010
                                11. Byers BD et al: Pregnancy outcome after ultrasound diagnosis of fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 33(3):282-6, 2009
                                12. Fung TY et al: Gastroschisis associated with an intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix: a report of 2 cases. Fetal Diagn Ther. 25(4):404-6, 2009
                                13. Weissmann-Brenner A et al: Isolated fetal umbilical vein varix--prenatal sonographic diagnosis and suggested management. Prenat Diagn. 29(3):229-33, 2009
                                14. Ranka P et al: Fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix. J Obstet Gynaecol. 28(7):747-8, 2008
                                15. Fung TY et al: Fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix: what is the clinical significance? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 25(2):149-54, 2005
                                16. Valsky DV et al: Adverse outcome of isolated fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix despite close monitoring. Prenat Diagn. 24(6):451-4, 2004
                                17. Viora E et al: Anomalies of the fetal venous system: a report of 26 cases and review of the literature. Fetal Diagn Ther. 19(5):440-7, 2004
                                18. Zachariah M et al: Umbilical vein varix thrombosis: a rare pathology. J Obstet Gynaecol. 24(5):581, 2004
                                Related Anatomy
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                                Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                References
                                Tables

                                Tables

                                KEY FACTS

                                • Terminology

                                  • Imaging

                                    • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                      • Clinical Issues

                                        TERMINOLOGY

                                        • Abbreviations

                                          • Umbilical vein varix (UVV)

                                        • Definitions

                                          • Focal dilatation of umbilical vein (UV) > 9-mm diameter
                                          • Diameter 50% > intrahepatic portion of UV
                                          • UV diameter > 2 standard deviations above mean

                                        IMAGING

                                        • General Features

                                          • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                            • Imaging Recommendations

                                              DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                PATHOLOGY

                                                • General Features

                                                  • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                    CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                    • Presentation

                                                      • Demographics

                                                        • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                          • Treatment

                                                            DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                            • Consider

                                                              Selected References

                                                              1. Lee SW et al: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of antenatal fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix detection. Obstet Gynecol Sci. 57(3):181-6, 2014
                                                              2. Bas-Lando M et al: The prenatal diagnosis of isolated fetal varix of the intra-abdominal umbilical vein is associated with favorable neonatal outcome at term: a case series. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 288(1):33-9, 2013
                                                              3. Brookfield KF et al: Isolated umbilical vein varix with a poor outcome despite close fetal surveillance. J Ultrasound Med. 32(9):1680-2, 2013
                                                              4. Kanenishi K et al: HDlive imaging of intra-amniotic umbilical vein varix with thrombosis. Placenta. 34(11):1110-2, 2013
                                                              5. Melcer Y et al: Long-term outcomes of children with umbilical vein varix diagnosed prenatally. Prenat Diagn. 33(5):492-6, 2013
                                                              6. Sanapo L et al: Four cases of fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix: a single centre's approach to management. J Obstet Gynaecol. 33(4):375-7, 2013
                                                              7. Cohen Y et al: Ultrasonographic evidence of intra-abdominal umbilical vein dilatation: is it a true varix? Ultrasound Med Biol. 38(3):412-6, 2012
                                                              8. Lu M et al: Two- and three-dimensional sonographic diagnosis of fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix: a case report. J Clin Ultrasound. 40(9):586-9, 2012
                                                              9. Mankuta D et al: Isolated fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix: clinical importance and recommendations. J Ultrasound Med. 30(2):273-6, 2011
                                                              10. Vanrykel K et al: Neonatal disseminated intravascular coagulation after thrombosis of a fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix. J Obstet Gynaecol. 30(3):315, 2010
                                                              11. Byers BD et al: Pregnancy outcome after ultrasound diagnosis of fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 33(3):282-6, 2009
                                                              12. Fung TY et al: Gastroschisis associated with an intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix: a report of 2 cases. Fetal Diagn Ther. 25(4):404-6, 2009
                                                              13. Weissmann-Brenner A et al: Isolated fetal umbilical vein varix--prenatal sonographic diagnosis and suggested management. Prenat Diagn. 29(3):229-33, 2009
                                                              14. Ranka P et al: Fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix. J Obstet Gynaecol. 28(7):747-8, 2008
                                                              15. Fung TY et al: Fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix: what is the clinical significance? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 25(2):149-54, 2005
                                                              16. Valsky DV et al: Adverse outcome of isolated fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix despite close monitoring. Prenat Diagn. 24(6):451-4, 2004
                                                              17. Viora E et al: Anomalies of the fetal venous system: a report of 26 cases and review of the literature. Fetal Diagn Ther. 19(5):440-7, 2004
                                                              18. Zachariah M et al: Umbilical vein varix thrombosis: a rare pathology. J Obstet Gynaecol. 24(5):581, 2004
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