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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Group of disorders resulting from incomplete involution of allantois
- Patent urachus
- Most common type seen in fetus
- Open channel from dome of bladder to umbilical cord insertion
- Often associated with allantoic cord cyst
- Urachal cyst
- Persistence of intermediary segment of urachus forming cyst between bladder and umbilical cord insertion
- Fibrous attachments to bladder and umbilicus
- Persistence of intermediary segment of urachus forming cyst between bladder and umbilical cord insertion
- Urachal diverticulum
- Persistence of deep segment of urachus creating diverticulum off anterior-superior bladder wall
- Often incidental finding later in childhood or adulthood
- Urachal sinus
- Persistence of superficial segment of urachus opening onto skin surface
- Usually diagnosed on postnatal physical exam
- Patent urachus
- Group of disorders resulting from incomplete involution of allantois
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Riddell JV et al: Prenatal vesico-allantoic cyst outcome - a spectrum from patent urachus to bladder exstrophy. Prenat Diagn. 35(13):1342-6, 2015
- Trong Thach T et al: Case Report: Pre- and postnatal management of an allantoic cyst with patent urachus and single umbilical artery. F1000Res. 4:124, 2015
- Umeda S et al: Prenatal and postnatal clinical course of an urachus identified as an allantoic cyst in the umbilical cord. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 26(2):200-2, 2015
- Naiditch JA et al: Current diagnosis and management of urachal remnants. J Pediatr Surg. 48(10):2148-52, 2013
- Rasteiro C et al: Bladder emptying into an umbilical cord cyst: prenatal sonographic sign of allantoic cyst with patent urachus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 42(2):239-40, 2013
- Tsai MS et al: Images in clinical medicine. Patent urachus. N Engl J Med. 365(14):1328, 2011
- Sepulveda W et al: Megacystis associated with an umbilical cord cyst: a sonographic feature of a patent urachus in the first trimester. J Ultrasound Med. 29(2):295-300, 2010
- Pal K et al: Allantoic cyst and patent urachus. Indian J Pediatr. 76(2):221-3, 2009
- Weichert J et al: Prenatal management of an allantoic cyst with patent urachus. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 280(2):321-3, 2009
- Fuchs F et al: Prenatal diagnosis of a patent urachus cyst with the use of 2D, 3D, 4D ultrasound and fetal magnetic resonance imaging. Fetal Diagn Ther. 24(4):444-7, 2008
- Sulak O et al: Anatomical development of the normal urachus during the fetal period. Saudi Med J. 29(1):30-5, 2008
- Matsui F et al: Prenatally diagnosed patent urachus with bladder prolapse. J Pediatr Surg. 42(12):e7-10, 2007
- Bunch PT et al: Allantoic cyst: a prenatal clue to patent urachus. Pediatr Radiol. 36(10):1090-5, 2006
- Lugo B et al: Bladder prolapse through a patent urachus: fetal and neonatal features. J Pediatr Surg. 41(5):e5-7, 2006
- Yu JS et al: Urachal remnant diseases: spectrum of CT and US findings. Radiographics. 21(2):451-61, 2001
- Awwad J et al: Sonographic diagnosis of a urachal cyst in utero. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 73(2):156-7, 1994
- Hill LM et al: The sonographic diagnosis of urachal cysts in utero. J Clin Ultrasound. 18(5):434-7, 1990
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Group of disorders resulting from incomplete involution of allantois
- Patent urachus
- Most common type seen in fetus
- Open channel from dome of bladder to umbilical cord insertion
- Often associated with allantoic cord cyst
- Urachal cyst
- Persistence of intermediary segment of urachus forming cyst between bladder and umbilical cord insertion
- Fibrous attachments to bladder and umbilicus
- Persistence of intermediary segment of urachus forming cyst between bladder and umbilical cord insertion
- Urachal diverticulum
- Persistence of deep segment of urachus creating diverticulum off anterior-superior bladder wall
- Often incidental finding later in childhood or adulthood
- Urachal sinus
- Persistence of superficial segment of urachus opening onto skin surface
- Usually diagnosed on postnatal physical exam
- Patent urachus
- Group of disorders resulting from incomplete involution of allantois
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Riddell JV et al: Prenatal vesico-allantoic cyst outcome - a spectrum from patent urachus to bladder exstrophy. Prenat Diagn. 35(13):1342-6, 2015
- Trong Thach T et al: Case Report: Pre- and postnatal management of an allantoic cyst with patent urachus and single umbilical artery. F1000Res. 4:124, 2015
- Umeda S et al: Prenatal and postnatal clinical course of an urachus identified as an allantoic cyst in the umbilical cord. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 26(2):200-2, 2015
- Naiditch JA et al: Current diagnosis and management of urachal remnants. J Pediatr Surg. 48(10):2148-52, 2013
- Rasteiro C et al: Bladder emptying into an umbilical cord cyst: prenatal sonographic sign of allantoic cyst with patent urachus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 42(2):239-40, 2013
- Tsai MS et al: Images in clinical medicine. Patent urachus. N Engl J Med. 365(14):1328, 2011
- Sepulveda W et al: Megacystis associated with an umbilical cord cyst: a sonographic feature of a patent urachus in the first trimester. J Ultrasound Med. 29(2):295-300, 2010
- Pal K et al: Allantoic cyst and patent urachus. Indian J Pediatr. 76(2):221-3, 2009
- Weichert J et al: Prenatal management of an allantoic cyst with patent urachus. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 280(2):321-3, 2009
- Fuchs F et al: Prenatal diagnosis of a patent urachus cyst with the use of 2D, 3D, 4D ultrasound and fetal magnetic resonance imaging. Fetal Diagn Ther. 24(4):444-7, 2008
- Sulak O et al: Anatomical development of the normal urachus during the fetal period. Saudi Med J. 29(1):30-5, 2008
- Matsui F et al: Prenatally diagnosed patent urachus with bladder prolapse. J Pediatr Surg. 42(12):e7-10, 2007
- Bunch PT et al: Allantoic cyst: a prenatal clue to patent urachus. Pediatr Radiol. 36(10):1090-5, 2006
- Lugo B et al: Bladder prolapse through a patent urachus: fetal and neonatal features. J Pediatr Surg. 41(5):e5-7, 2006
- Yu JS et al: Urachal remnant diseases: spectrum of CT and US findings. Radiographics. 21(2):451-61, 2001
- Awwad J et al: Sonographic diagnosis of a urachal cyst in utero. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 73(2):156-7, 1994
- Hill LM et al: The sonographic diagnosis of urachal cysts in utero. J Clin Ultrasound. 18(5):434-7, 1990
