Group of disorders resulting from incomplete involution of allantois
Patent urachus
Most common type seen in fetus
Open channel from dome of bladder to umbilical cord insertion
Often associated with allantoic cord cyst
Urachal cyst
Persistence of intermediary segment of urachus forming cyst between bladder and umbilical cord insertion
Fibrous attachments to bladder and umbilicus
Urachal diverticulum
Persistence of deep segment of urachus creating diverticulum off anterior-superior bladder wall
Often incidental finding later in childhood or adulthood
Urachal sinus
Persistence of superficial segment of urachus opening onto skin surface
Usually diagnosed on postnatal physical exam
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Zmora O et al: A very large patent urachus manifesting as an umbilical cord "cyst" and obliterating postnatally. J Ultrasound Med. 40(4):853-4, 2021
Aylward P et al: Operative management of urachal remnants: an NSQIP based study of postoperative complications. J Pediatr Surg. 55(5):873-7, 2020
Buddha S et al: Imaging of urachal anomalies. Abdom Radiol (NY). 44(12):3978-89, 2019
Tatekawa Y: Surgical strategy of urachal remnants in children. J Surg Case Rep. 2019(7):rjz222, 2019
Parada Villavicencio C et al: Imaging of the urachus: anomalies, complications, and mimics. Radiographics. 36(7):2049-63, 2016
Riddell JV et al: Prenatal vesico-allantoic cyst outcome - a spectrum from patent urachus to bladder exstrophy. Prenat Diagn. 35(13):1342-6, 2015
Trong Thach T et al: Case Report: Pre- and postnatal management of an allantoic cyst with patent urachus and single umbilical artery. F1000Res. 4:124, 2015
Umeda S et al: Prenatal and postnatal clinical course of an urachus identified as an allantoic cyst in the umbilical cord. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 26(2):200-2, 2015
Naiditch JA et al: Current diagnosis and management of urachal remnants. J Pediatr Surg. 48(10):2148-52, 2013
Rasteiro C et al: Bladder emptying into an umbilical cord cyst: prenatal sonographic sign of allantoic cyst with patent urachus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 42(2):239-40, 2013
Tsai MS et al: Images in clinical medicine. Patent urachus. N Engl J Med. 365(14):1328, 2011
Sepulveda W et al: Megacystis associated with an umbilical cord cyst: a sonographic feature of a patent urachus in the first trimester. J Ultrasound Med. 29(2):295-300, 2010
Pal K et al: Allantoic cyst and patent urachus. Indian J Pediatr. 76(2):221-3, 2009
Weichert J et al: Prenatal management of an allantoic cyst with patent urachus. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 280(2):321-3, 2009
Fuchs F et al: Prenatal diagnosis of a patent urachus cyst with the use of 2D, 3D, 4D ultrasound and fetal magnetic resonance imaging. Fetal Diagn Ther. 24(4):444-7, 2008
Sulak O et al: Anatomical development of the normal urachus during the fetal period. Saudi Med J. 29(1):30-5, 2008
Bunch PT et al: Allantoic cyst: a prenatal clue to patent urachus. Pediatr Radiol. 36(10):1090-5, 2006
Yu JS et al: Urachal remnant diseases: spectrum of CT and US findings. Radiographics. 21(2):451-61, 2001
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Group of disorders resulting from incomplete involution of allantois
Patent urachus
Most common type seen in fetus
Open channel from dome of bladder to umbilical cord insertion
Often associated with allantoic cord cyst
Urachal cyst
Persistence of intermediary segment of urachus forming cyst between bladder and umbilical cord insertion
Fibrous attachments to bladder and umbilicus
Urachal diverticulum
Persistence of deep segment of urachus creating diverticulum off anterior-superior bladder wall
Often incidental finding later in childhood or adulthood
Urachal sinus
Persistence of superficial segment of urachus opening onto skin surface
Usually diagnosed on postnatal physical exam
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Zmora O et al: A very large patent urachus manifesting as an umbilical cord "cyst" and obliterating postnatally. J Ultrasound Med. 40(4):853-4, 2021
Aylward P et al: Operative management of urachal remnants: an NSQIP based study of postoperative complications. J Pediatr Surg. 55(5):873-7, 2020
Buddha S et al: Imaging of urachal anomalies. Abdom Radiol (NY). 44(12):3978-89, 2019
Tatekawa Y: Surgical strategy of urachal remnants in children. J Surg Case Rep. 2019(7):rjz222, 2019
Parada Villavicencio C et al: Imaging of the urachus: anomalies, complications, and mimics. Radiographics. 36(7):2049-63, 2016
Riddell JV et al: Prenatal vesico-allantoic cyst outcome - a spectrum from patent urachus to bladder exstrophy. Prenat Diagn. 35(13):1342-6, 2015
Trong Thach T et al: Case Report: Pre- and postnatal management of an allantoic cyst with patent urachus and single umbilical artery. F1000Res. 4:124, 2015
Umeda S et al: Prenatal and postnatal clinical course of an urachus identified as an allantoic cyst in the umbilical cord. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 26(2):200-2, 2015
Naiditch JA et al: Current diagnosis and management of urachal remnants. J Pediatr Surg. 48(10):2148-52, 2013
Rasteiro C et al: Bladder emptying into an umbilical cord cyst: prenatal sonographic sign of allantoic cyst with patent urachus. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 42(2):239-40, 2013
Tsai MS et al: Images in clinical medicine. Patent urachus. N Engl J Med. 365(14):1328, 2011
Sepulveda W et al: Megacystis associated with an umbilical cord cyst: a sonographic feature of a patent urachus in the first trimester. J Ultrasound Med. 29(2):295-300, 2010
Pal K et al: Allantoic cyst and patent urachus. Indian J Pediatr. 76(2):221-3, 2009
Weichert J et al: Prenatal management of an allantoic cyst with patent urachus. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 280(2):321-3, 2009
Fuchs F et al: Prenatal diagnosis of a patent urachus cyst with the use of 2D, 3D, 4D ultrasound and fetal magnetic resonance imaging. Fetal Diagn Ther. 24(4):444-7, 2008
Sulak O et al: Anatomical development of the normal urachus during the fetal period. Saudi Med J. 29(1):30-5, 2008
Bunch PT et al: Allantoic cyst: a prenatal clue to patent urachus. Pediatr Radiol. 36(10):1090-5, 2006
Yu JS et al: Urachal remnant diseases: spectrum of CT and US findings. Radiographics. 21(2):451-61, 2001
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