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19
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5
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Bladder cyst, cobra head ureter
Definitions
Congenital cystic dilation of distal submucosal portion of 1 or both ureters within urinary bladder
Categorized according to ureterocele position
Intravesical: Completely contained within urinary bladder
Extravesical: Partially extends into bladder neck, urethra, or perineum
Categorized according to ureterocele insertion
Orthotopic (simple): Orifice located in normal anatomic position in bladder trigone
Ectopic: Orifice located anywhere else
Ectopic ureter may drain to other genitourinary locations without ending as ureterocele
Categorized according to type of kidney drained
Single system ureterocele: Kidney gives rise to single collecting system with solitary ureter
Typically simple, intravesical ureterocele
Duplex system ureterocele: Kidney has completely duplicated collecting system with 2 complete ureters
1 ureteral insertion ectopic by definition (often extravesical ureterocele)
Cecoureterocele: Unique subtype elongated beyond ureteral orifice by tunneling under trigone & urethra
Any type of ureterocele may become obstructed & cause hydronephrosis
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
Cohen SA et al: Examining trends in the treatment of ureterocele yields no definitive solution. J Pediatr Urol. 11(1):29.e1-6, 2015
Gander R et al: Evaluation of the initial treatment of ureteroceles. Urology. 89:113-7, 2015
Sarsu SB et al: Multiple stones in a single-system ureterocele in a child. APSP J Case Rep. 6(2):19, 2015
Timberlake MD et al: Minimally invasive techniques for management of the ureterocele and ectopic ureter: upper tract versus lower tract approach. Urol Clin North Am. 42(1):61-76, 2015
Torres Montebruno X et al: Fetoscopic laser surgery to deobstruct a prolapsed ureterocele. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 46(5):623-6, 2015
Adeb M et al: Magnetic resonance urography in evaluation of duplicated renal collecting systems. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 21(4):717-30, 2013
Swana HS et al: Transurethral neo-orifice (TUNO) a novel technique for management of upper pole obstruction in infancy. Int Braz J Urol. 39(1):143, discussion 144, 2013
Payabvash S et al: Application of magnetic resonance urography in diagnosis of congenital urogenital anomalies in children. Pediatr Surg Int. 24(9):979-86, 2008
Sozubir S et al: Prenatal diagnosis of a prolapsed ureterocele with magnetic resonance imaging. Urology. 62(1):144, 2003
Berrocal T et al: Anomalies of the distal ureter, bladder, and urethra in children: Embryologic, radiologic, and pathologic features. RadioGraphics 22: 1139-1164; 2002
Chavhan GB: The cobra head sign. Radiology. 225(3):781-2, 2002
Keesling CA et al: Sonographic appearance of the bladder after endoscopic incision of ureteroceles. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(3):759-63, 1998
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
Bladder cyst, cobra head ureter
Definitions
Congenital cystic dilation of distal submucosal portion of 1 or both ureters within urinary bladder
Categorized according to ureterocele position
Intravesical: Completely contained within urinary bladder
Extravesical: Partially extends into bladder neck, urethra, or perineum
Categorized according to ureterocele insertion
Orthotopic (simple): Orifice located in normal anatomic position in bladder trigone
Ectopic: Orifice located anywhere else
Ectopic ureter may drain to other genitourinary locations without ending as ureterocele
Categorized according to type of kidney drained
Single system ureterocele: Kidney gives rise to single collecting system with solitary ureter
Typically simple, intravesical ureterocele
Duplex system ureterocele: Kidney has completely duplicated collecting system with 2 complete ureters
1 ureteral insertion ectopic by definition (often extravesical ureterocele)
Cecoureterocele: Unique subtype elongated beyond ureteral orifice by tunneling under trigone & urethra
Any type of ureterocele may become obstructed & cause hydronephrosis
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
Cohen SA et al: Examining trends in the treatment of ureterocele yields no definitive solution. J Pediatr Urol. 11(1):29.e1-6, 2015
Gander R et al: Evaluation of the initial treatment of ureteroceles. Urology. 89:113-7, 2015
Sarsu SB et al: Multiple stones in a single-system ureterocele in a child. APSP J Case Rep. 6(2):19, 2015
Timberlake MD et al: Minimally invasive techniques for management of the ureterocele and ectopic ureter: upper tract versus lower tract approach. Urol Clin North Am. 42(1):61-76, 2015
Torres Montebruno X et al: Fetoscopic laser surgery to deobstruct a prolapsed ureterocele. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 46(5):623-6, 2015
Adeb M et al: Magnetic resonance urography in evaluation of duplicated renal collecting systems. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 21(4):717-30, 2013
Swana HS et al: Transurethral neo-orifice (TUNO) a novel technique for management of upper pole obstruction in infancy. Int Braz J Urol. 39(1):143, discussion 144, 2013
Payabvash S et al: Application of magnetic resonance urography in diagnosis of congenital urogenital anomalies in children. Pediatr Surg Int. 24(9):979-86, 2008
Sozubir S et al: Prenatal diagnosis of a prolapsed ureterocele with magnetic resonance imaging. Urology. 62(1):144, 2003
Berrocal T et al: Anomalies of the distal ureter, bladder, and urethra in children: Embryologic, radiologic, and pathologic features. RadioGraphics 22: 1139-1164; 2002
Chavhan GB: The cobra head sign. Radiology. 225(3):781-2, 2002
Keesling CA et al: Sonographic appearance of the bladder after endoscopic incision of ureteroceles. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(3):759-63, 1998
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