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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Bladder cyst, cobra head ureter
Definitions
- Congenital cystic dilation of distal submucosal portion of 1 or both ureters within urinary bladder
- Categorized according to ureterocele position
- Intravesical: Completely contained within urinary bladder
- Extravesical: Partially extends into bladder neck, urethra, or perineum
- Categorized according to ureterocele insertion
- Orthotopic (simple): Orifice located in normal anatomic position in bladder trigone
- Ectopic: Orifice located anywhere else
- Ectopic ureter may drain to other genitourinary locations without ending as ureterocele
- Categorized according to type of kidney drained
- Single system ureterocele: Kidney gives rise to single collecting system with solitary ureter
- Typically simple, intravesical ureterocele
- Duplex system ureterocele: Kidney has completely duplicated collecting system with 2 complete ureters
- 1 ureteral insertion ectopic by definition (often extravesical ureterocele)
- Single system ureterocele: Kidney gives rise to single collecting system with solitary ureter
- Cecoureterocele: Unique subtype elongated beyond ureteral orifice by tunneling under trigone & urethra
- Any type of ureterocele may become obstructed & cause hydronephrosis
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
- Cohen SA et al: Examining trends in the treatment of ureterocele yields no definitive solution. J Pediatr Urol. 11(1):29.e1-6, 2015
- Gander R et al: Evaluation of the initial treatment of ureteroceles. Urology. 89:113-7, 2015
- Sarsu SB et al: Multiple stones in a single-system ureterocele in a child. APSP J Case Rep. 6(2):19, 2015
- Timberlake MD et al: Minimally invasive techniques for management of the ureterocele and ectopic ureter: upper tract versus lower tract approach. Urol Clin North Am. 42(1):61-76, 2015
- Torres Montebruno X et al: Fetoscopic laser surgery to deobstruct a prolapsed ureterocele. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 46(5):623-6, 2015
- Adeb M et al: Magnetic resonance urography in evaluation of duplicated renal collecting systems. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 21(4):717-30, 2013
- Swana HS et al: Transurethral neo-orifice (TUNO) a novel technique for management of upper pole obstruction in infancy. Int Braz J Urol. 39(1):143, discussion 144, 2013
- Payabvash S et al: Application of magnetic resonance urography in diagnosis of congenital urogenital anomalies in children. Pediatr Surg Int. 24(9):979-86, 2008
- Sozubir S et al: Prenatal diagnosis of a prolapsed ureterocele with magnetic resonance imaging. Urology. 62(1):144, 2003
- Berrocal T et al: Anomalies of the distal ureter, bladder, and urethra in children: Embryologic, radiologic, and pathologic features. RadioGraphics 22: 1139-1164; 2002
- Chavhan GB: The cobra head sign. Radiology. 225(3):781-2, 2002
- Keesling CA et al: Sonographic appearance of the bladder after endoscopic incision of ureteroceles. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(3):759-63, 1998
Related Anatomy
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Bladder cyst, cobra head ureter
Definitions
- Congenital cystic dilation of distal submucosal portion of 1 or both ureters within urinary bladder
- Categorized according to ureterocele position
- Intravesical: Completely contained within urinary bladder
- Extravesical: Partially extends into bladder neck, urethra, or perineum
- Categorized according to ureterocele insertion
- Orthotopic (simple): Orifice located in normal anatomic position in bladder trigone
- Ectopic: Orifice located anywhere else
- Ectopic ureter may drain to other genitourinary locations without ending as ureterocele
- Categorized according to type of kidney drained
- Single system ureterocele: Kidney gives rise to single collecting system with solitary ureter
- Typically simple, intravesical ureterocele
- Duplex system ureterocele: Kidney has completely duplicated collecting system with 2 complete ureters
- 1 ureteral insertion ectopic by definition (often extravesical ureterocele)
- Single system ureterocele: Kidney gives rise to single collecting system with solitary ureter
- Cecoureterocele: Unique subtype elongated beyond ureteral orifice by tunneling under trigone & urethra
- Any type of ureterocele may become obstructed & cause hydronephrosis
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
- Cohen SA et al: Examining trends in the treatment of ureterocele yields no definitive solution. J Pediatr Urol. 11(1):29.e1-6, 2015
- Gander R et al: Evaluation of the initial treatment of ureteroceles. Urology. 89:113-7, 2015
- Sarsu SB et al: Multiple stones in a single-system ureterocele in a child. APSP J Case Rep. 6(2):19, 2015
- Timberlake MD et al: Minimally invasive techniques for management of the ureterocele and ectopic ureter: upper tract versus lower tract approach. Urol Clin North Am. 42(1):61-76, 2015
- Torres Montebruno X et al: Fetoscopic laser surgery to deobstruct a prolapsed ureterocele. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 46(5):623-6, 2015
- Adeb M et al: Magnetic resonance urography in evaluation of duplicated renal collecting systems. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 21(4):717-30, 2013
- Swana HS et al: Transurethral neo-orifice (TUNO) a novel technique for management of upper pole obstruction in infancy. Int Braz J Urol. 39(1):143, discussion 144, 2013
- Payabvash S et al: Application of magnetic resonance urography in diagnosis of congenital urogenital anomalies in children. Pediatr Surg Int. 24(9):979-86, 2008
- Sozubir S et al: Prenatal diagnosis of a prolapsed ureterocele with magnetic resonance imaging. Urology. 62(1):144, 2003
- Berrocal T et al: Anomalies of the distal ureter, bladder, and urethra in children: Embryologic, radiologic, and pathologic features. RadioGraphics 22: 1139-1164; 2002
- Chavhan GB: The cobra head sign. Radiology. 225(3):781-2, 2002
- Keesling CA et al: Sonographic appearance of the bladder after endoscopic incision of ureteroceles. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 170(3):759-63, 1998
