Deuker M et al: Bladder cancer: a comparison between non-urothelial variant histology and urothelial carcinoma across all stages and treatment modalities. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 19(1):60-8.e1, 2021
Expert Panel on Urological Imaging. et al: ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Post-Treatment Surveillance of Bladder Cancer: 2021 Update. J Am Coll Radiol. 18(5S):S126-38, 2021
Lenis AT et al: Bladder cancer: a review. JAMA. 324(19):1980-91, 2020
Barchetti G et al: Multiparametric MRI of the bladder: inter-observer agreement and accuracy with the Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) at a single reference center. Eur Radiol. 29(10):5498-506, 2019
Margolis DJA et al: Vying for standardization of bladder cancer MRI interpretation and reporting: VI-RADS. Radiology. 291(3):675-76, 2019
Mirmomen SM et al: Preoperative imaging for locoregional staging of bladder cancer. Abdom Radiol (NY). 44(12):3843-57, 2019
Wang H et al: Multiparametric MRI for bladder cancer: validation of VI-RADS for the detection of detrusor muscle invasion. Radiology. 291(3):668-74, 2019
Panebianco V et al: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for bladder cancer: development of VI-RADS (vesical imaging-reporting and data system). Eur Urol. 74(3):294-306, 2018
Amin MB et al: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th Ed. Springer, 2017
Abou-El-Ghar ME et al: Bladder cancer: diagnosis with diffusion-weighted MR imaging in patients with gross hematuria. Radiology. 251(2):415-21, 2009
Koster IM et al: Best cases from the AFIP: urachal carcinoma. Radiographics. 29(3):939-42, 2009
Takeuchi M et al: Urinary bladder cancer: diffusion-weighted MR imaging--accuracy for diagnosing T stage and estimating histologic grade. Radiology. 251(1):112-21, 2009
Tuncbilek N et al: Value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and correlation with tumor angiogenesis in bladder cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(4):949-55, 2009
Watanabe H et al: Preoperative T staging of urinary bladder cancer: does diffusion-weighted MRI have supplementary value? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(5):1361-6, 2009
Canter D et al: Hydronephrosis is an independent predictor of poor clinical outcome in patients treated for muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma with radical cystectomy. Urology. 72(2):379-83, 2008
Sadow CA et al: Bladder cancer detection with CT urography in an academic medical center. Radiology. 249(1):195-202, 2008
Wallmeroth A et al: Patterns of metastasis in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (pT2-4): an autopsy study on 367 patients. Urol Int. 62(2):69-75, 1999
Related Anatomy
Loading...
Related Differential Diagnoses
Loading...
References
Tables
Tables
OVERVIEW
General Comments
Classification
PATHOLOGY
Routes of Spread
General Features
Gross Pathology
Microscopic Features
IMAGING FINDINGS
Detection
Staging
Restaging
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Cancer History
Treatment Options
REPORTING CHECKLIST
T Staging
N Staging
M Staging
Selected References
Deuker M et al: Bladder cancer: a comparison between non-urothelial variant histology and urothelial carcinoma across all stages and treatment modalities. Clin Genitourin Cancer. 19(1):60-8.e1, 2021
Expert Panel on Urological Imaging. et al: ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Post-Treatment Surveillance of Bladder Cancer: 2021 Update. J Am Coll Radiol. 18(5S):S126-38, 2021
Lenis AT et al: Bladder cancer: a review. JAMA. 324(19):1980-91, 2020
Barchetti G et al: Multiparametric MRI of the bladder: inter-observer agreement and accuracy with the Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System (VI-RADS) at a single reference center. Eur Radiol. 29(10):5498-506, 2019
Margolis DJA et al: Vying for standardization of bladder cancer MRI interpretation and reporting: VI-RADS. Radiology. 291(3):675-76, 2019
Mirmomen SM et al: Preoperative imaging for locoregional staging of bladder cancer. Abdom Radiol (NY). 44(12):3843-57, 2019
Wang H et al: Multiparametric MRI for bladder cancer: validation of VI-RADS for the detection of detrusor muscle invasion. Radiology. 291(3):668-74, 2019
Panebianco V et al: Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for bladder cancer: development of VI-RADS (vesical imaging-reporting and data system). Eur Urol. 74(3):294-306, 2018
Amin MB et al: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th Ed. Springer, 2017
Abou-El-Ghar ME et al: Bladder cancer: diagnosis with diffusion-weighted MR imaging in patients with gross hematuria. Radiology. 251(2):415-21, 2009
Koster IM et al: Best cases from the AFIP: urachal carcinoma. Radiographics. 29(3):939-42, 2009
Takeuchi M et al: Urinary bladder cancer: diffusion-weighted MR imaging--accuracy for diagnosing T stage and estimating histologic grade. Radiology. 251(1):112-21, 2009
Tuncbilek N et al: Value of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and correlation with tumor angiogenesis in bladder cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(4):949-55, 2009
Watanabe H et al: Preoperative T staging of urinary bladder cancer: does diffusion-weighted MRI have supplementary value? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 192(5):1361-6, 2009
Canter D et al: Hydronephrosis is an independent predictor of poor clinical outcome in patients treated for muscle-invasive transitional cell carcinoma with radical cystectomy. Urology. 72(2):379-83, 2008
Sadow CA et al: Bladder cancer detection with CT urography in an academic medical center. Radiology. 249(1):195-202, 2008
Wallmeroth A et al: Patterns of metastasis in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (pT2-4): an autopsy study on 367 patients. Urol Int. 62(2):69-75, 1999
STATdx includes over 200,000 searchable images, including x-ray, CT, MR, and ultrasound images. To access all images, please log in or subscribe.