Epithelially lined abnormal communication between vaginal lumen and adjacent pelvic organs
Imaging
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
Pathology
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
Clinical Issues
Presentation
Treatment
Diagnostic Checklist
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Tonolini M: Elucidating vaginal fistulas on CT and MRI. Insights Imaging. 10(1):123, 2019
Dwarkasing RS et al: Chronic anal and perianal pain resolved with MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 200(5):1034-41, 2013
Viswanathan C et al: Multimodality imaging of vulvar cancer: staging, therapeutic response, and complications. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 200(6):1387-400, 2013
Abou-El-Ghar ME et al: Radiological diagnosis of vesicouterine fistula: role of magnetic resonance imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 36(2):438-42, 2012
Botsikas D et al: A new MDCT technique for the detection and anatomical exploration of urogenital fistulas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 198(2):W160-2, 2012
Filmar GA et al: Retroperitoneal duplication cyst with a fistulous tract to the vagina: a case report. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 18(6):376-7, 2012
Holroyd DJ et al: Colovaginal and colovesical fistulae: the diagnostic paradigm. Tech Coloproctol. 16(2):119-26, 2012
Hosseinzadeh K et al: Imaging of the female perineum in adults. Radiographics. 32(4):E129-68, 2012
Kao PF et al: Vesicovaginorectal fistula on a FDG PET/CT of a patient with recurrent cervical cancer and end-stage renal disease. Clin Nucl Med. 37(10):1013-5, 2012
Moshiri M et al: Evaluation and management of disorders of sex development: multidisciplinary approach to a complex diagnosis. Radiographics. 32(6):1599-618, 2012
Verma A et al: Magnetic resonance fistulogram demonstration of urethrovesicovaginal fistula in a case of müllerian agenesis due to traumatic urethral coitus. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 19(2):259-61, 2012
Walker DK et al: Overlooked diseases of the vagina: a directed anatomic-pathologic approach for imaging assessment. Radiographics. 31(6):1583-98, 2011
Addley HC et al: Pelvic imaging following chemotherapy and radiation therapy for gynecologic malignancies. Radiographics. 30(7):1843-56, 2010
Paspulati RM et al: Imaging of complications following gynecologic surgery. Radiographics. 30(3):625-42, 2010
Quiroz LH et al: Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging for diagnosis of urethrovaginal fistula. Int Urogynecol J. 21(8):1031-3, 2010
Sofic A et al: MRI in evaluation of perianal fistulae. Radiol Oncol. 44(4):220-7, 2010
Narayanan P et al: Fistulas in malignant gynecologic disease: etiology, imaging, and management. Radiographics. 29(4):1073-83, 2009
Griffin N et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of vaginal and vulval pathology. Eur Radiol. 18(6):1269-80, 2008
Lang EK et al: Urethral rectovaginal fistula assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. J Urol. 179(3):1148, 2008
Ergen FB et al: Magnetic resonance fistulography for the demonstration of anovaginal fistula: an alternative imaging technique? J Comput Assist Tomogr. 31(2):243-6, 2007
Hoeffel C et al: Anatomic and pathologic findings at external phased-array pelvic MR imaging after surgery for anorectal disease. Radiographics. 26(5):1391-407, 2006
López C et al: MRI of vaginal conditions. Clin Radiol. 60(6):648-62, 2005
Smayra T et al: Vesicouterine fistulas: imaging findings in three cases. AJR. 184:139-42, 2005
Avritscher R et al: Fistulas of the lower urinary tract: percutaneous approaches for the management of a difficult clinical entity. Radiographics. 24 Suppl 1:S217-36, 2004
Dwarkasing S et al: Anovaginal fistulas: evaluation with endoanal MR imaging. Radiology. 231(1):123-8, 2004
Yu NC et al: Fistulas of the genitourinary tract: a radiologic review. Radiographics. 24(5):1331-52, 2004
Stoker J et al: Anovaginal and rectovaginal fistulas: endoluminal sonography versus endoluminal MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(3):737-41, 2002
Kruskal JB et al: Peroxide-enhanced anal endosonography: technique, image interpretation, and clinical applications. Radiographics. 21 Spec No:S173-89, 2001
Volkmer BG et al: Colour Doppler ultrasound in vesicovaginal fistulas. Ultrasound Med Biol. 26(5):771-5, 2000
Semelka RC et al: Pelvic fistulas: appearances on MR images. Abdom Imaging 22:91-5, 1997
Outwater E et al: Pelvic fistulas: findings on MR images. AJR 160:327-30, 1993
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Epithelially lined abnormal communication between vaginal lumen and adjacent pelvic organs
Imaging
General Features
Radiographic Findings
Fluoroscopic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
Pathology
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
Clinical Issues
Presentation
Treatment
Diagnostic Checklist
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Tonolini M: Elucidating vaginal fistulas on CT and MRI. Insights Imaging. 10(1):123, 2019
Dwarkasing RS et al: Chronic anal and perianal pain resolved with MRI. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 200(5):1034-41, 2013
Viswanathan C et al: Multimodality imaging of vulvar cancer: staging, therapeutic response, and complications. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 200(6):1387-400, 2013
Abou-El-Ghar ME et al: Radiological diagnosis of vesicouterine fistula: role of magnetic resonance imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging. 36(2):438-42, 2012
Botsikas D et al: A new MDCT technique for the detection and anatomical exploration of urogenital fistulas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 198(2):W160-2, 2012
Filmar GA et al: Retroperitoneal duplication cyst with a fistulous tract to the vagina: a case report. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 18(6):376-7, 2012
Holroyd DJ et al: Colovaginal and colovesical fistulae: the diagnostic paradigm. Tech Coloproctol. 16(2):119-26, 2012
Hosseinzadeh K et al: Imaging of the female perineum in adults. Radiographics. 32(4):E129-68, 2012
Kao PF et al: Vesicovaginorectal fistula on a FDG PET/CT of a patient with recurrent cervical cancer and end-stage renal disease. Clin Nucl Med. 37(10):1013-5, 2012
Moshiri M et al: Evaluation and management of disorders of sex development: multidisciplinary approach to a complex diagnosis. Radiographics. 32(6):1599-618, 2012
Verma A et al: Magnetic resonance fistulogram demonstration of urethrovesicovaginal fistula in a case of müllerian agenesis due to traumatic urethral coitus. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 19(2):259-61, 2012
Walker DK et al: Overlooked diseases of the vagina: a directed anatomic-pathologic approach for imaging assessment. Radiographics. 31(6):1583-98, 2011
Addley HC et al: Pelvic imaging following chemotherapy and radiation therapy for gynecologic malignancies. Radiographics. 30(7):1843-56, 2010
Paspulati RM et al: Imaging of complications following gynecologic surgery. Radiographics. 30(3):625-42, 2010
Quiroz LH et al: Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging for diagnosis of urethrovaginal fistula. Int Urogynecol J. 21(8):1031-3, 2010
Sofic A et al: MRI in evaluation of perianal fistulae. Radiol Oncol. 44(4):220-7, 2010
Narayanan P et al: Fistulas in malignant gynecologic disease: etiology, imaging, and management. Radiographics. 29(4):1073-83, 2009
Griffin N et al: Magnetic resonance imaging of vaginal and vulval pathology. Eur Radiol. 18(6):1269-80, 2008
Lang EK et al: Urethral rectovaginal fistula assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. J Urol. 179(3):1148, 2008
Ergen FB et al: Magnetic resonance fistulography for the demonstration of anovaginal fistula: an alternative imaging technique? J Comput Assist Tomogr. 31(2):243-6, 2007
Hoeffel C et al: Anatomic and pathologic findings at external phased-array pelvic MR imaging after surgery for anorectal disease. Radiographics. 26(5):1391-407, 2006
López C et al: MRI of vaginal conditions. Clin Radiol. 60(6):648-62, 2005
Smayra T et al: Vesicouterine fistulas: imaging findings in three cases. AJR. 184:139-42, 2005
Avritscher R et al: Fistulas of the lower urinary tract: percutaneous approaches for the management of a difficult clinical entity. Radiographics. 24 Suppl 1:S217-36, 2004
Dwarkasing S et al: Anovaginal fistulas: evaluation with endoanal MR imaging. Radiology. 231(1):123-8, 2004
Yu NC et al: Fistulas of the genitourinary tract: a radiologic review. Radiographics. 24(5):1331-52, 2004
Stoker J et al: Anovaginal and rectovaginal fistulas: endoluminal sonography versus endoluminal MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 178(3):737-41, 2002
Kruskal JB et al: Peroxide-enhanced anal endosonography: technique, image interpretation, and clinical applications. Radiographics. 21 Spec No:S173-89, 2001
Volkmer BG et al: Colour Doppler ultrasound in vesicovaginal fistulas. Ultrasound Med Biol. 26(5):771-5, 2000
Semelka RC et al: Pelvic fistulas: appearances on MR images. Abdom Imaging 22:91-5, 1997
Outwater E et al: Pelvic fistulas: findings on MR images. AJR 160:327-30, 1993
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