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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Caseous calcification of mitral annulus (CCMA)
Mitral annular calcification (MAC)
Definitions
Calcification of valve leaflet or annulus
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Echocardiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Fletcher AJ et al: Imaging aortic valve calcification: significance, approach and implications. Clin Radiol. 76(1):15-26, 2021
Pawade T et al: Why and how to measure aortic valve calcification in patients with aortic stenosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 12(9):1835-48, 2019
Praz F et al: Imaging in patients with severe mitral annular calcification: insights from a multicentre experience using transatrial balloon-expandable valve replacement. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 20(12):1395-406, 2019
Eleid MF et al: Severe mitral annular calcification: multimodality imaging for therapeutic strategies and interventions. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 9(11):1318-37, 2016
Ferguson EC et al: Cardiac and pericardial calcifications on chest radiographs. Clin Radiol. 65(9):685-94, 2010
Chen JJ et al: CT angiography of the cardiac valves: normal, diseased, and postoperative appearances. Radiographics. 29(5):1393-412, 2009
Allison MA et al: Mitral and aortic annular calcification are highly associated with systemic calcified atherosclerosis. Circulation. 113(6):861-6, 2006
Vogel-Claussen J et al: Cardiac valve assessment with MR imaging and 64-section multi-detector row CT. Radiographics. 26(6):1769-84, 2006
Boxt LM: CT of valvular heart disease. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 21(1):105-13, 2005
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Caseous calcification of mitral annulus (CCMA)
Mitral annular calcification (MAC)
Definitions
Calcification of valve leaflet or annulus
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
Echocardiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Fletcher AJ et al: Imaging aortic valve calcification: significance, approach and implications. Clin Radiol. 76(1):15-26, 2021
Pawade T et al: Why and how to measure aortic valve calcification in patients with aortic stenosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 12(9):1835-48, 2019
Praz F et al: Imaging in patients with severe mitral annular calcification: insights from a multicentre experience using transatrial balloon-expandable valve replacement. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 20(12):1395-406, 2019
Eleid MF et al: Severe mitral annular calcification: multimodality imaging for therapeutic strategies and interventions. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 9(11):1318-37, 2016
Ferguson EC et al: Cardiac and pericardial calcifications on chest radiographs. Clin Radiol. 65(9):685-94, 2010
Chen JJ et al: CT angiography of the cardiac valves: normal, diseased, and postoperative appearances. Radiographics. 29(5):1393-412, 2009
Allison MA et al: Mitral and aortic annular calcification are highly associated with systemic calcified atherosclerosis. Circulation. 113(6):861-6, 2006
Vogel-Claussen J et al: Cardiac valve assessment with MR imaging and 64-section multi-detector row CT. Radiographics. 26(6):1769-84, 2006
Boxt LM: CT of valvular heart disease. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 21(1):105-13, 2005
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