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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Dilatation and tortuosity of pampiniform plexus > 3 mm due to congestion and retrograde flow in internal spermatic vein
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Other Modality Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Bertolotto M et al: Ultrasound evaluation of varicoceles: systematic literature review and rationale of the ESUR-SPIWG Guidelines and Recommendations. J Ultrasound. 23(4):487-507, 2020
- Freeman S et al: Ultrasound evaluation of varicoceles: guidelines and recommendations of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology Scrotal and Penile Imaging Working Group (ESUR-SPIWG) for detection, classification, and grading. Eur Radiol. 30(1):11-25, 2020
- Gleason A et al: Isolated right-sided varicocele: is further workup necessary? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 212(4):802-7, 2019
- Cantoro U et al: Reassessing the role of subclinical varicocele in infertile men with impaired semen quality: a prospective study. Urology. 85(4):826-30, 2015
- Kim YS et al: Efficacy of scrotal Doppler ultrasonography with the Valsalva maneuver, standing position, and resting-Valsalva ratio for varicocele diagnosis. Korean J Urol. 56(2):144-9, 2015
- Karami M et al: Determination of the best position and site for color Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of the testicular vein to define the clinical grades of varicocele ultrasonographically. Adv Biomed Res. 3:17, 2014
- MacLachlan LS et al: Intratesticular varicoceles: are they significant? J Pediatr Urol. 9(6 Pt A):851-5, 2013
- Chen SS: Differences in the clinical characteristics between young and elderly men with varicocoele. Int J Androl. 35(5):695-9, 2012
- El-Haggar S et al: Ultrasonographic parameters of the spermatic veins at the inguinal and scrotal levels in varicocele diagnosis and post-operative repair. Andrologia. 44(3):210-3, 2012
- Mohammadi A et al: Varicocele and nutcracker syndrome: sonographic findings. J Ultrasound Med. 2010 Aug;29(8):1153-60. Erratum in: J Ultrasound Med. 30(10):1444, 2011
- Pauroso S et al: Varicocele: Ultrasonographic assessment in daily clinical practice. J Ultrasound. 14(4):199-204, 2011
- Evers JL et al: Assessment of efficacy of varicocele repair for male subfertility: a systematic review. Lancet. 361(9372):1849-52, 2003
- Kutlu R et al: Intratesticular arteriovenous malformation: color Doppler sonographic findings. J Ultrasound Med. 22(3):295-8, 2003
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
- Dilatation and tortuosity of pampiniform plexus > 3 mm due to congestion and retrograde flow in internal spermatic vein
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Other Modality Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
- Bertolotto M et al: Ultrasound evaluation of varicoceles: systematic literature review and rationale of the ESUR-SPIWG Guidelines and Recommendations. J Ultrasound. 23(4):487-507, 2020
- Freeman S et al: Ultrasound evaluation of varicoceles: guidelines and recommendations of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology Scrotal and Penile Imaging Working Group (ESUR-SPIWG) for detection, classification, and grading. Eur Radiol. 30(1):11-25, 2020
- Gleason A et al: Isolated right-sided varicocele: is further workup necessary? AJR Am J Roentgenol. 212(4):802-7, 2019
- Cantoro U et al: Reassessing the role of subclinical varicocele in infertile men with impaired semen quality: a prospective study. Urology. 85(4):826-30, 2015
- Kim YS et al: Efficacy of scrotal Doppler ultrasonography with the Valsalva maneuver, standing position, and resting-Valsalva ratio for varicocele diagnosis. Korean J Urol. 56(2):144-9, 2015
- Karami M et al: Determination of the best position and site for color Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of the testicular vein to define the clinical grades of varicocele ultrasonographically. Adv Biomed Res. 3:17, 2014
- MacLachlan LS et al: Intratesticular varicoceles: are they significant? J Pediatr Urol. 9(6 Pt A):851-5, 2013
- Chen SS: Differences in the clinical characteristics between young and elderly men with varicocoele. Int J Androl. 35(5):695-9, 2012
- El-Haggar S et al: Ultrasonographic parameters of the spermatic veins at the inguinal and scrotal levels in varicocele diagnosis and post-operative repair. Andrologia. 44(3):210-3, 2012
- Mohammadi A et al: Varicocele and nutcracker syndrome: sonographic findings. J Ultrasound Med. 2010 Aug;29(8):1153-60. Erratum in: J Ultrasound Med. 30(10):1444, 2011
- Pauroso S et al: Varicocele: Ultrasonographic assessment in daily clinical practice. J Ultrasound. 14(4):199-204, 2011
- Evers JL et al: Assessment of efficacy of varicocele repair for male subfertility: a systematic review. Lancet. 361(9372):1849-52, 2003
- Kutlu R et al: Intratesticular arteriovenous malformation: color Doppler sonographic findings. J Ultrasound Med. 22(3):295-8, 2003
