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Ultrasound
Diagnosis
Vascular
Extremities
Soft Tissues
Vascular Anomaly
Vascular Anomaly
Esther H. Y. Hung, MBChB, FRCR, FHKCR, FHKAM (Radiology)
;
James F. Griffith, MD, MRCP, FRCR
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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Term "vascular anomaly" comprises both hemangioma and vascular malformation
Differentiation based on cellular turnover, histologic features, natural history, and physical findings
Hemangioma
Benign vascular tumors of infancy and childhood
Feature cellular proliferation and hyperplasia
Grows after birth
Characterized by early proliferative stage and later involuting stage
Vascular malformation
Vascular dysplasia rather than actual tumor
Dysplastic vascular channels with normal endothelial turnover
Present at birth and grows commensurately with child without proliferation or involution
Classified according to predominant vessel type as venous, capillary, arterial, lymphatic, or combined type
Venous malformation most common type
Combined types: Arteriovenous malformation, arteriovenous fistula, capillary-venous, lymphatic-venous, etc.
Can also be subclassified as low flow or high flow depending on flow dynamics
Low-flow vascular malformation: Venous, capillary, lymphatic, capillary-venous, or capillary-lymphatic-venous
High-flow vascular malformation: Arteriovenous malformation, arteriovenous fistula
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
Radiographic Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Mulligan PR et al: Vascular anomalies: classification, imaging characteristics and implications for interventional radiology treatment approaches. Br J Radiol. 87(1035):20130392, 2014
Dubois J et al: Vascular anomalies: what a radiologist needs to know. Pediatr Radiol. 40(6):895-905, 2010
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Term "vascular anomaly" comprises both hemangioma and vascular malformation
Differentiation based on cellular turnover, histologic features, natural history, and physical findings
Hemangioma
Benign vascular tumors of infancy and childhood
Feature cellular proliferation and hyperplasia
Grows after birth
Characterized by early proliferative stage and later involuting stage
Vascular malformation
Vascular dysplasia rather than actual tumor
Dysplastic vascular channels with normal endothelial turnover
Present at birth and grows commensurately with child without proliferation or involution
Classified according to predominant vessel type as venous, capillary, arterial, lymphatic, or combined type
Venous malformation most common type
Combined types: Arteriovenous malformation, arteriovenous fistula, capillary-venous, lymphatic-venous, etc.
Can also be subclassified as low flow or high flow depending on flow dynamics
Low-flow vascular malformation: Venous, capillary, lymphatic, capillary-venous, or capillary-lymphatic-venous
High-flow vascular malformation: Arteriovenous malformation, arteriovenous fistula
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
Radiographic Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Mulligan PR et al: Vascular anomalies: classification, imaging characteristics and implications for interventional radiology treatment approaches. Br J Radiol. 87(1035):20130392, 2014
Dubois J et al: Vascular anomalies: what a radiologist needs to know. Pediatr Radiol. 40(6):895-905, 2010
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