Dementia caused by cerebrovascular disease or ↓ cerebral blood flow (CBF)
VCI: Cognitive impairment caused by or associated with vascular factors
Secondary to repeated cerebral infarctions
Can occur alone or in association with Alzheimer disease (AD)
2nd most common cause of dementia next to AD
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Alber J et al: White matter hyperintensities in vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID): knowledge gaps and opportunities. Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 5:107-17, 2019
Huang WQ et al: Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) recommended as a regular magnetic resonance diagnosis for vascular dementia to identify independent idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus before ventriculo-peritoneal (V-P) shunt treatment: a case study. Front Neurol. 10:262, 2019
Lim J et al: Utilization of magnetic resonance imaging by comorbidity of patients with dementia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 16(23), 2019
Mahalingam S et al: Neuroimaging in dementias. Semin Neurol. 39(2):188-99, 2019
Sengupta P et al: Pattern of cognitive deficits in vascular dementia. Indian J Med Res. 149(4):503-7, 2019
Smith EE et al: Harmonizing brain magnetic resonance imaging methods for vascular contributions to neurodegeneration. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 11:191-204, 2019
Shivamurthy VK et al: Brain FDG PET and the diagnosis of dementia. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 204(1):W76-85, 2015
Venkat P et al: Models and mechanisms of vascular dementia. Exp Neurol. 272:97-108, 2015
Villeneuve S et al: Imaging vascular disease and amyloid in the aging brain: implications for treatment. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2(1):64-70, 2015
Ihara M et al: Understanding and preventing the development of post-stroke dementia. Expert Rev Neurother. 14(9):1067-77, 2014
Dufouil C et al: Severe cerebral white matter hyperintensities predict severe cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease history. Stroke. 40(6):2219-21, 2009
Targosz-Gajniak M et al: Cerebral white matter lesions in patients with dementia - from MCI to severe Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Sci. 283(1-2):79-82, 2009
Jellinger KA: Morphologic diagnosis of "vascular dementia" - a critical update. J Neurol Sci. 270(1-2):1-12, 2008
O'Sullivan M et al: DTI MRI correlates with executive dysfunction in patients with ischaemic leukoaraiosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 75(3):441-7, 2004
Yoshikawa T et al: Heterogeneity of cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(7):1341-7, 2003
Related Anatomy
Loading...
Related Differential Diagnoses
Loading...
References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Vascular dementia (VaD)
Synonyms
Multiinfarct dementia (MID)
Vascular cognitive disorder (VCD)
Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI)
Subcortical ischemic VaD
Poststroke dementia
Definitions
Dementia caused by cerebrovascular disease or ↓ cerebral blood flow (CBF)
VCI: Cognitive impairment caused by or associated with vascular factors
Secondary to repeated cerebral infarctions
Can occur alone or in association with Alzheimer disease (AD)
2nd most common cause of dementia next to AD
IMAGING
General Features
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Alber J et al: White matter hyperintensities in vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID): knowledge gaps and opportunities. Alzheimers Dement (N Y). 5:107-17, 2019
Huang WQ et al: Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) recommended as a regular magnetic resonance diagnosis for vascular dementia to identify independent idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus before ventriculo-peritoneal (V-P) shunt treatment: a case study. Front Neurol. 10:262, 2019
Lim J et al: Utilization of magnetic resonance imaging by comorbidity of patients with dementia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 16(23), 2019
Mahalingam S et al: Neuroimaging in dementias. Semin Neurol. 39(2):188-99, 2019
Sengupta P et al: Pattern of cognitive deficits in vascular dementia. Indian J Med Res. 149(4):503-7, 2019
Smith EE et al: Harmonizing brain magnetic resonance imaging methods for vascular contributions to neurodegeneration. Alzheimers Dement (Amst). 11:191-204, 2019
Shivamurthy VK et al: Brain FDG PET and the diagnosis of dementia. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 204(1):W76-85, 2015
Venkat P et al: Models and mechanisms of vascular dementia. Exp Neurol. 272:97-108, 2015
Villeneuve S et al: Imaging vascular disease and amyloid in the aging brain: implications for treatment. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2(1):64-70, 2015
Ihara M et al: Understanding and preventing the development of post-stroke dementia. Expert Rev Neurother. 14(9):1067-77, 2014
Dufouil C et al: Severe cerebral white matter hyperintensities predict severe cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease history. Stroke. 40(6):2219-21, 2009
Targosz-Gajniak M et al: Cerebral white matter lesions in patients with dementia - from MCI to severe Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Sci. 283(1-2):79-82, 2009
Jellinger KA: Morphologic diagnosis of "vascular dementia" - a critical update. J Neurol Sci. 270(1-2):1-12, 2008
O'Sullivan M et al: DTI MRI correlates with executive dysfunction in patients with ischaemic leukoaraiosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 75(3):441-7, 2004
Yoshikawa T et al: Heterogeneity of cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(7):1341-7, 2003
STATdx includes over 200,000 searchable images, including x-ray, CT, MR, and ultrasound images. To access all images, please log in or subscribe.