Wassef M et al: Vascular anomalies classification: recommendations from the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies. Pediatrics. 136(1):e203-14, 2015
Liang MG et al: Infantile and congenital hemangiomas. Semin Pediatr Surg. 23(4):162-7, 2014
Rootman DB et al: Cavernous venous malformations of the orbit (so-called cavernous haemangioma): a comprehensive evaluation of their clinical, imaging and histologic nature. Br J Ophthalmol. 98(7):880-8, 2014
Smoker WR et al: Vascular lesions of the orbit: more than meets the eye. Radiographics. 28(1):185-204, 2008
Rootman J: Vascular malformations of the orbit: hemodynamic concepts. Orbit. 22(2):103-20, 2003
Barrow DL et al: Classification and treatment of spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas. J Neurosurg. 62(2):248-56, 1985
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
ESSENTIAL INFORMATION
Helpful Clues for Common Diagnoses
Helpful Clues for Less Common Diagnoses
Helpful Clues for Rare Diagnoses
Alternative Differential Approaches
Selected References
Wassef M et al: Vascular anomalies classification: recommendations from the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies. Pediatrics. 136(1):e203-14, 2015
Liang MG et al: Infantile and congenital hemangiomas. Semin Pediatr Surg. 23(4):162-7, 2014
Rootman DB et al: Cavernous venous malformations of the orbit (so-called cavernous haemangioma): a comprehensive evaluation of their clinical, imaging and histologic nature. Br J Ophthalmol. 98(7):880-8, 2014
Smoker WR et al: Vascular lesions of the orbit: more than meets the eye. Radiographics. 28(1):185-204, 2008
Rootman J: Vascular malformations of the orbit: hemodynamic concepts. Orbit. 22(2):103-20, 2003
Barrow DL et al: Classification and treatment of spontaneous carotid-cavernous sinus fistulas. J Neurosurg. 62(2):248-56, 1985
Essential Information
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