Vein of Galen (VofG), vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM)
Synonyms
Vein of Galen "aneurysm," Galenic varix
Definitions
Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) between pericallosal/deep choroidal arteries and embryonic median prosencephalic vein (MPV) of Markowski (precursor of VofG)
High flow through MPV prevents formation of VofG; VGAM is misnomer
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Echocardiographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Poor outcome for neonates presenting with vein of Galen malformation. J Paediatr Child Health. 56(1):178, 2020
Giorgi L et al: Management and outcomes of neonatal arteriovenous brain malformations with cardiac failure: a 17 years' experience in a tertiary referral center. J Pediatr. 218:85-91.e2, 2020
Lv X et al: Pediatric intracranial arteriovenous shunts: advances in diagnosis and treatment. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 25:29-39, 2020
Berenstein A et al: Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation: advances in management and endovascular treatment. Neurosurgery. 84(2):469-78, 2019
Duran D et al: Mutations in chromatin modifier and ephrin signaling genes in vein of Galen malformation. Neuron. 101(3):429-43.e4, 2019
Ganesan V: Vein of Galen malformation: beyond life or death. Dev Med Child Neurol. ePub, 2019
Sivasankar R et al: Endovascular Management of Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformations: A Retrospective Analysis over a 15-Year Period. J Vasc Interv Neurol. 10(3):23-29, 2019
Starke RM et al: Genetic Drivers of Vein of Galen Malformations. Neurosurgery. 85(2):E205-E206, 2019
Taffin H et al: Long-term outcome of vein of Galen malformation. Dev Med Child Neurol. ePub, 2019
Winkler O et al: Anatomy of the deep venous system in vein of Galen malformation and its changes after endovascular treatment depicted by magnetic resonance venography. J Neurointerv Surg. 11(1):84-89, 2019
Mortazavi MM et al: Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations: critical analysis of the literature with proposal of a new classification system. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 12(3):293-306, 2013
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Vein of Galen (VofG), vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM)
Synonyms
Vein of Galen "aneurysm," Galenic varix
Definitions
Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) between pericallosal/deep choroidal arteries and embryonic median prosencephalic vein (MPV) of Markowski (precursor of VofG)
High flow through MPV prevents formation of VofG; VGAM is misnomer
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Ultrasonographic Findings
Echocardiographic Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Staging, Grading, & Classification
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Image Interpretation Pearls
Reporting Tips
Selected References
Poor outcome for neonates presenting with vein of Galen malformation. J Paediatr Child Health. 56(1):178, 2020
Giorgi L et al: Management and outcomes of neonatal arteriovenous brain malformations with cardiac failure: a 17 years' experience in a tertiary referral center. J Pediatr. 218:85-91.e2, 2020
Lv X et al: Pediatric intracranial arteriovenous shunts: advances in diagnosis and treatment. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 25:29-39, 2020
Berenstein A et al: Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation: advances in management and endovascular treatment. Neurosurgery. 84(2):469-78, 2019
Duran D et al: Mutations in chromatin modifier and ephrin signaling genes in vein of Galen malformation. Neuron. 101(3):429-43.e4, 2019
Ganesan V: Vein of Galen malformation: beyond life or death. Dev Med Child Neurol. ePub, 2019
Sivasankar R et al: Endovascular Management of Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformations: A Retrospective Analysis over a 15-Year Period. J Vasc Interv Neurol. 10(3):23-29, 2019
Starke RM et al: Genetic Drivers of Vein of Galen Malformations. Neurosurgery. 85(2):E205-E206, 2019
Taffin H et al: Long-term outcome of vein of Galen malformation. Dev Med Child Neurol. ePub, 2019
Winkler O et al: Anatomy of the deep venous system in vein of Galen malformation and its changes after endovascular treatment depicted by magnetic resonance venography. J Neurointerv Surg. 11(1):84-89, 2019
Mortazavi MM et al: Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations: critical analysis of the literature with proposal of a new classification system. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 12(3):293-306, 2013
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