V1: Preinterforaminal segment (origin to point before entering transverse foramen of 6th cervical vertebra (C6)
V2: Interforaminal segment between C6 and C2
V3: Atlas loop segment (C2 to dura)
V4: Intracranial segment [dura to basilar artery (BA)]
Definitions
Luminal narrowing or blockage due to plaque formation, thrombosis, or dissection
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Katsanos AH et al: Is vertebral artery hypoplasia a predisposing factor for posterior circulation cerebral ischemic events? A comprehensive review. Eur Neurol. 70(1-2):78-83, 2013
Lau HY et al: Effectiveness of mastoid process percussion for identification of the vertebral artery ostium on Doppler studies. J Ultrasound Med. 32(7):1137-43, 2013
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
Vertebral artery (VA) divided into 4 segments
V1: Preinterforaminal segment (origin to point before entering transverse foramen of 6th cervical vertebra (C6)
V2: Interforaminal segment between C6 and C2
V3: Atlas loop segment (C2 to dura)
V4: Intracranial segment [dura to basilar artery (BA)]
Definitions
Luminal narrowing or blockage due to plaque formation, thrombosis, or dissection
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
MR Findings
Angiographic Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Image Interpretation Pearls
Selected References
Katsanos AH et al: Is vertebral artery hypoplasia a predisposing factor for posterior circulation cerebral ischemic events? A comprehensive review. Eur Neurol. 70(1-2):78-83, 2013
Lau HY et al: Effectiveness of mastoid process percussion for identification of the vertebral artery ostium on Doppler studies. J Ultrasound Med. 32(7):1137-43, 2013
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