Placement of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) into compressed vertebral body to stabilize fracture
Kyphoplasty
Injection of PMMA preceded by balloon inflation within vertebral body
Restore vertebral body height
Reduce kyphotic deformity
Create cavity to facilitate injection of cement under low pressure
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Hsieh MK et al: Risk factors of neurological deficit and pulmonary cement embolism after percutaneous vertebroplasty. J Orthop Surg Res. 14(1):406, 2019
Wang B et al: Balloon kyphoplasty versus percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture: a meta-analysis and systematic review. J Orthop Surg Res. 13(1):264, 2018
Filippiadis DK et al: Percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty: current status, new developments and old controversies. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 40(12):1815-23, 2017
Xiao H et al: Comparing complications of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty for treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a meta-analysis of the randomized and non-randomized controlled studies. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 25 Suppl 1:S77-85, 2015
Agrawal G et al: Mismatched perfusion defects secondary to recent methyl methacrylate embolization. Clin Nucl Med. 38(1):50-2, 2013
Al-Ali F et al: Vertebroplasty: what is important and what is not. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(10):1835-9, 2009
Popa RI et al: Urinary tract infections in the potential vertebroplasty patient: incidence, significance, and management. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(2):227-31, 2009
Syed MI et al: Fatal fat embolism after vertebroplasty: identification of the high-risk patient. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 27(2):343-5, 2006
Trout AT et al: Does vertebroplasty cause incident vertebral fractures? A review of available data. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 27(7):1397-403, 2006
Appel NB et al: Percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with spinal canal compromise. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 182(4):947-51, 2004
Brown DB et al: Treatment of chronic symptomatic vertebral compression fractures with percutaneous vertebroplasty. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 182(2):319-22, 2004
Lin EP et al: Vertebroplasty: cement leakage into the disc increases the risk of new fracture of adjacent vertebral body. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 25(2):175-80, 2004
Stricker K et al: Severe hypercapnia due to pulmonary embolism of polymethylmethacrylate during vertebroplasty. Anesth Analg. 98(4):1184-6, table of contents, 2004
Baroud G et al: Biomechanical explanation of adjacent fractures following vertebroplasty. Radiology. 229(2):606-7; author reply 607-8, 2003
Childers JC Jr: Cardiovascular collapse and death during vertebroplasty. Radiology. 228(3):902; author reply 902-3, 2003
Evans AJ et al: Vertebral compression fractures: pain reduction and improvement in functional mobility after percutaneous polymethylmethacrylate vertebroplasty retrospective report of 245 cases. Radiology. 226(2):366-72, 2003
Gangi A et al: Percutaneous vertebroplasty: indications, technique, and results. Radiographics. 23(2):e10, 2003
Hodler J et al: Midterm outcome after vertebroplasty: predictive value of technical and patient-related factors. Radiology. 227(3):662-8, 2003
Kang JD et al: Cement augmentation of osteoporotic compression fractures and intraoperative navigation: summary statement. Spine. 28(15):S62-3, 2003
Kelekis AD et al: Radicular pain after vertebroplasty: compression or irritation of the nerve root? Initial experience with the "cooling system". Spine. 28(14):E265-9, 2003
Koessler MJ et al: Fat and bone marrow embolism during percutaneous vertebroplasty. Anesth Analg. 97(1):293; author reply 294, 2003
Mathis JM: Percutaneous vertebroplasty: complication avoidance and technique optimization. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(8):1697-706, 2003
Mousavi P et al: Volumetric quantification of cement leakage following percutaneous vertebroplasty in metastatic and osteoporotic vertebrae. J Neurosurg. 99(1 Suppl):56-9, 2003
Sarzier JS et al: Intrathecal injection of contrast medium to prevent polymethylmethacrylate leakage during percutaneous vertebroplasty. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(5):1001-2, 2003
Shapiro S et al: Surgical removal of epidural and intradural polymethylmethacrylate extravasation complicating percutaneous vertebroplasty for an osteoporotic lumbar compression fracture. Case report. J Neurosurg. 98(1 Suppl):90-2, 2003
Stallmeyer MJ et al: Optimizing patient selection in percutaneous vertebroplasty. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 14(6):683-96, 2003
Tsai TT et al: Polymethylmethacrylate cement dislodgment following percutaneous vertebroplasty: a case report. Spine. 28(22):E457-60, 2003
Uppin AA et al: Occurrence of new vertebral body fracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with osteoporosis. Radiology. 226(1):119-24, 2003
Yeom JS et al: Leakage of cement in percutaneous transpedicular vertebroplasty for painful osteoporotic compression fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 85(1):83-9, 2003
Aebli N et al: Fat embolism and acute hypotension during vertebroplasty: an experimental study in sheep. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 27(5):460-6, 2002
Moreland DB et al: Vertebroplasty: techniques to avoid complications. Spine J. 1(1):66-71, 2001
Patterson BM et al: Cardiac arrest during hip arthroplasty with a cemented long-stem component. A report of seven cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 73(2):271-7, 1991
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Imaging
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Definitions
Vertebroplasty
Placement of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) into compressed vertebral body to stabilize fracture
Kyphoplasty
Injection of PMMA preceded by balloon inflation within vertebral body
Restore vertebral body height
Reduce kyphotic deformity
Create cavity to facilitate injection of cement under low pressure
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Selected References
Hsieh MK et al: Risk factors of neurological deficit and pulmonary cement embolism after percutaneous vertebroplasty. J Orthop Surg Res. 14(1):406, 2019
Wang B et al: Balloon kyphoplasty versus percutaneous vertebroplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture: a meta-analysis and systematic review. J Orthop Surg Res. 13(1):264, 2018
Filippiadis DK et al: Percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty: current status, new developments and old controversies. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 40(12):1815-23, 2017
Xiao H et al: Comparing complications of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty for treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a meta-analysis of the randomized and non-randomized controlled studies. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 25 Suppl 1:S77-85, 2015
Agrawal G et al: Mismatched perfusion defects secondary to recent methyl methacrylate embolization. Clin Nucl Med. 38(1):50-2, 2013
Al-Ali F et al: Vertebroplasty: what is important and what is not. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(10):1835-9, 2009
Popa RI et al: Urinary tract infections in the potential vertebroplasty patient: incidence, significance, and management. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(2):227-31, 2009
Syed MI et al: Fatal fat embolism after vertebroplasty: identification of the high-risk patient. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 27(2):343-5, 2006
Trout AT et al: Does vertebroplasty cause incident vertebral fractures? A review of available data. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 27(7):1397-403, 2006
Appel NB et al: Percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with spinal canal compromise. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 182(4):947-51, 2004
Brown DB et al: Treatment of chronic symptomatic vertebral compression fractures with percutaneous vertebroplasty. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 182(2):319-22, 2004
Lin EP et al: Vertebroplasty: cement leakage into the disc increases the risk of new fracture of adjacent vertebral body. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 25(2):175-80, 2004
Stricker K et al: Severe hypercapnia due to pulmonary embolism of polymethylmethacrylate during vertebroplasty. Anesth Analg. 98(4):1184-6, table of contents, 2004
Baroud G et al: Biomechanical explanation of adjacent fractures following vertebroplasty. Radiology. 229(2):606-7; author reply 607-8, 2003
Childers JC Jr: Cardiovascular collapse and death during vertebroplasty. Radiology. 228(3):902; author reply 902-3, 2003
Evans AJ et al: Vertebral compression fractures: pain reduction and improvement in functional mobility after percutaneous polymethylmethacrylate vertebroplasty retrospective report of 245 cases. Radiology. 226(2):366-72, 2003
Gangi A et al: Percutaneous vertebroplasty: indications, technique, and results. Radiographics. 23(2):e10, 2003
Hodler J et al: Midterm outcome after vertebroplasty: predictive value of technical and patient-related factors. Radiology. 227(3):662-8, 2003
Kang JD et al: Cement augmentation of osteoporotic compression fractures and intraoperative navigation: summary statement. Spine. 28(15):S62-3, 2003
Kelekis AD et al: Radicular pain after vertebroplasty: compression or irritation of the nerve root? Initial experience with the "cooling system". Spine. 28(14):E265-9, 2003
Koessler MJ et al: Fat and bone marrow embolism during percutaneous vertebroplasty. Anesth Analg. 97(1):293; author reply 294, 2003
Mathis JM: Percutaneous vertebroplasty: complication avoidance and technique optimization. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(8):1697-706, 2003
Mousavi P et al: Volumetric quantification of cement leakage following percutaneous vertebroplasty in metastatic and osteoporotic vertebrae. J Neurosurg. 99(1 Suppl):56-9, 2003
Sarzier JS et al: Intrathecal injection of contrast medium to prevent polymethylmethacrylate leakage during percutaneous vertebroplasty. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(5):1001-2, 2003
Shapiro S et al: Surgical removal of epidural and intradural polymethylmethacrylate extravasation complicating percutaneous vertebroplasty for an osteoporotic lumbar compression fracture. Case report. J Neurosurg. 98(1 Suppl):90-2, 2003
Stallmeyer MJ et al: Optimizing patient selection in percutaneous vertebroplasty. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 14(6):683-96, 2003
Tsai TT et al: Polymethylmethacrylate cement dislodgment following percutaneous vertebroplasty: a case report. Spine. 28(22):E457-60, 2003
Uppin AA et al: Occurrence of new vertebral body fracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with osteoporosis. Radiology. 226(1):119-24, 2003
Yeom JS et al: Leakage of cement in percutaneous transpedicular vertebroplasty for painful osteoporotic compression fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 85(1):83-9, 2003
Aebli N et al: Fat embolism and acute hypotension during vertebroplasty: an experimental study in sheep. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 27(5):460-6, 2002
Moreland DB et al: Vertebroplasty: techniques to avoid complications. Spine J. 1(1):66-71, 2001
Patterson BM et al: Cardiac arrest during hip arthroplasty with a cemented long-stem component. A report of seven cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 73(2):271-7, 1991
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