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Brain
Anatomy
Brain Network Anatomy
Visual Network
Visual Network
Jeffrey S. Anderson, MD, PhD; Lubdha M. Shah, MD
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IMAGING ANATOMY

  • Overview

    • Primary (Striate) Visual Cortex (V1)

      • Extrastriate Visual Cortex (V2, V3, V4, V5/MT)

        • Lateral Geniculate Nuclei of Thalamus

          • Intraparietal Sulcus (IPS0/V7, IPS1, IPS2, IPS3, IPS4)

            • Frontal Eye Fields

              • Dedicated Complex Visual Form Areas

                ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES

                • Imaging Recommendations

                  • Imaging Pitfalls

                    CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

                    • Clinical Importance

                      Selected References

                      1. Killian NJ et al: Grid cells map the visual world. Nat Neurosci. 21(2):161-2, 2018
                      2. Deen B et al: Organization of high-level visual cortex in human infants. Nat Commun. 8:13995, 2017
                      3. Fairhall SL et al: Spatiotopic updating across saccades revealed by spatially-specific fMRI adaptation. Neuroimage. 147:339-45, 2017
                      4. Griffis JC et al: Retinotopic patterns of functional connectivity between V1 and large-scale brain networks during resting fixation. Neuroimage. 146:1071-83, 2017
                      5. Iacaruso MF et al: Synaptic organization of visual space in primary visual cortex. Nature. 547(7664):449-52, 2017
                      6. Mackey WE et al: Visual field map clusters in human frontoparietal cortex. Elife. 6, 2017
                      7. Smith IT et al: Stream-dependent development of higher visual cortical areas. Nat Neurosci. 20(2):200-8, 2017
                      8. Striem-Amit E et al: Sensorimotor-independent development of hands and tools selectivity in the visual cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 114(18):4787-92, 2017
                      9. Weiner KS et al: The cytoarchitecture of domain-specific regions in human high-level visual cortex. Cereb Cortex. 27(1):146-61, 2017
                      10. Ko H et al: The emergence of functional microcircuits in visual cortex. Nature. 496(7443):96-100, 2013
                      11. Baldassarre A et al: Individual variability in functional connectivity predicts performance of a perceptual task. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 109(9):3516-21, 2012
                      12. Gaglianese A et al: Evidence of a direct influence between the thalamus and hMT+ independent of V1 in the human brain as measured by fMRI. Neuroimage. 60(2):1440-7, 2012
                      13. Mandelstam SA: Challenges of the anatomy and diffusion tensor tractography of the Meyer loop. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 33(7):1204-10, 2012
                      14. Pietrasanta M et al: The corpus callosum and the visual cortex: plasticity is a game for two. Neural Plast. 2012:838672, 2012
                      15. Chadick JZ et al: Differential coupling of visual cortex with default or frontal-parietal network based on goals. Nat Neurosci. 14(7):830-2, 2011
                      16. Wandell BA et al: Imaging retinotopic maps in the human brain. Vision Res. 51(7):718-37, 2011
                      17. Wendt J et al: The functional connectivity between amygdala and extrastriate visual cortex activity during emotional picture processing depends on stimulus novelty. Biol Psychol. 86(3):203-9, 2011
                      18. Yeo BT et al: The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity. J Neurophysiol. 106(3):1125-65, 2011
                      19. Zou Q et al: Functional connectivity between the thalamus and visual cortex under eyes closed and eyes open conditions: a resting-state fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp. 30(9):3066-78, 2009
                      20. Saygin AP et al: Retinotopy and attention in human occipital, temporal, parietal, and frontal cortex. Cereb Cortex. 18(9):2158-68, 2008
                      21. Sherbondy AJ et al: Identifying the human optic radiation using diffusion imaging and fiber tractography. J Vis. 8(10):12, 2008
                      22. Shmuel A et al: Neuronal correlates of spontaneous fluctuations in fMRI signals in monkey visual cortex: implications for functional connectivity at rest. Hum Brain Mapp. 29(7):751-61, 2008
                      23. Yacoub E et al: High-field fMRI unveils orientation columns in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 105(30):10607-12, 2008
                      24. Wandell BA et al: Visual field maps in human cortex. Neuron. 56(2):366-83, 2007
                      25. Yacoub E et al: Robust detection of ocular dominance columns in humans using Hahn Spin Echo BOLD functional MRI at 7 Tesla. Neuroimage. 37(4):1161-77, 2007
                      26. Nir Y et al: Widespread functional connectivity and fMRI fluctuations in human visual cortex in the absence of visual stimulation. Neuroimage. 30(4):1313-24, 2006
                      27. Astafiev SV et al: Extrastriate body area in human occipital cortex responds to the performance of motor actions. Nat Neurosci. 7(5):542-8, 2004
                      28. Hampson M et al: Changes in functional connectivity of human MT/V5 with visual motion input. Neuroreport. 15(8):1315-9, 2004
                      29. Sereno MI et al: Borders of multiple visual areas in humans revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Science. 268(5212):889-93, 1995
                      Related Anatomy
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                      References
                      Tables

                      Tables

                      IMAGING ANATOMY

                      • Overview

                        • Primary (Striate) Visual Cortex (V1)

                          • Extrastriate Visual Cortex (V2, V3, V4, V5/MT)

                            • Lateral Geniculate Nuclei of Thalamus

                              • Intraparietal Sulcus (IPS0/V7, IPS1, IPS2, IPS3, IPS4)

                                • Frontal Eye Fields

                                  • Dedicated Complex Visual Form Areas

                                    ANATOMY IMAGING ISSUES

                                    • Imaging Recommendations

                                      • Imaging Pitfalls

                                        CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

                                        • Clinical Importance

                                          Selected References

                                          1. Killian NJ et al: Grid cells map the visual world. Nat Neurosci. 21(2):161-2, 2018
                                          2. Deen B et al: Organization of high-level visual cortex in human infants. Nat Commun. 8:13995, 2017
                                          3. Fairhall SL et al: Spatiotopic updating across saccades revealed by spatially-specific fMRI adaptation. Neuroimage. 147:339-45, 2017
                                          4. Griffis JC et al: Retinotopic patterns of functional connectivity between V1 and large-scale brain networks during resting fixation. Neuroimage. 146:1071-83, 2017
                                          5. Iacaruso MF et al: Synaptic organization of visual space in primary visual cortex. Nature. 547(7664):449-52, 2017
                                          6. Mackey WE et al: Visual field map clusters in human frontoparietal cortex. Elife. 6, 2017
                                          7. Smith IT et al: Stream-dependent development of higher visual cortical areas. Nat Neurosci. 20(2):200-8, 2017
                                          8. Striem-Amit E et al: Sensorimotor-independent development of hands and tools selectivity in the visual cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 114(18):4787-92, 2017
                                          9. Weiner KS et al: The cytoarchitecture of domain-specific regions in human high-level visual cortex. Cereb Cortex. 27(1):146-61, 2017
                                          10. Ko H et al: The emergence of functional microcircuits in visual cortex. Nature. 496(7443):96-100, 2013
                                          11. Baldassarre A et al: Individual variability in functional connectivity predicts performance of a perceptual task. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 109(9):3516-21, 2012
                                          12. Gaglianese A et al: Evidence of a direct influence between the thalamus and hMT+ independent of V1 in the human brain as measured by fMRI. Neuroimage. 60(2):1440-7, 2012
                                          13. Mandelstam SA: Challenges of the anatomy and diffusion tensor tractography of the Meyer loop. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 33(7):1204-10, 2012
                                          14. Pietrasanta M et al: The corpus callosum and the visual cortex: plasticity is a game for two. Neural Plast. 2012:838672, 2012
                                          15. Chadick JZ et al: Differential coupling of visual cortex with default or frontal-parietal network based on goals. Nat Neurosci. 14(7):830-2, 2011
                                          16. Wandell BA et al: Imaging retinotopic maps in the human brain. Vision Res. 51(7):718-37, 2011
                                          17. Wendt J et al: The functional connectivity between amygdala and extrastriate visual cortex activity during emotional picture processing depends on stimulus novelty. Biol Psychol. 86(3):203-9, 2011
                                          18. Yeo BT et al: The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity. J Neurophysiol. 106(3):1125-65, 2011
                                          19. Zou Q et al: Functional connectivity between the thalamus and visual cortex under eyes closed and eyes open conditions: a resting-state fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp. 30(9):3066-78, 2009
                                          20. Saygin AP et al: Retinotopy and attention in human occipital, temporal, parietal, and frontal cortex. Cereb Cortex. 18(9):2158-68, 2008
                                          21. Sherbondy AJ et al: Identifying the human optic radiation using diffusion imaging and fiber tractography. J Vis. 8(10):12, 2008
                                          22. Shmuel A et al: Neuronal correlates of spontaneous fluctuations in fMRI signals in monkey visual cortex: implications for functional connectivity at rest. Hum Brain Mapp. 29(7):751-61, 2008
                                          23. Yacoub E et al: High-field fMRI unveils orientation columns in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 105(30):10607-12, 2008
                                          24. Wandell BA et al: Visual field maps in human cortex. Neuron. 56(2):366-83, 2007
                                          25. Yacoub E et al: Robust detection of ocular dominance columns in humans using Hahn Spin Echo BOLD functional MRI at 7 Tesla. Neuroimage. 37(4):1161-77, 2007
                                          26. Nir Y et al: Widespread functional connectivity and fMRI fluctuations in human visual cortex in the absence of visual stimulation. Neuroimage. 30(4):1313-24, 2006
                                          27. Astafiev SV et al: Extrastriate body area in human occipital cortex responds to the performance of motor actions. Nat Neurosci. 7(5):542-8, 2004
                                          28. Hampson M et al: Changes in functional connectivity of human MT/V5 with visual motion input. Neuroreport. 15(8):1315-9, 2004
                                          29. Sereno MI et al: Borders of multiple visual areas in humans revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Science. 268(5212):889-93, 1995
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