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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Vocal cord paralysis (VCP)
Definitions
- Immobilization of true vocal cord by ipsilateral vagus (CNX) or recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) dysfunction
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Imaging Pitfalls
Selected References
- Din-Lovinescu C et al: Adverse events following injection laryngoplasty: an analysis of the MAUDE database. Am J Otolaryngol. 42(6):103092, 2021
- Ruda J et al: Multi-institutional evaluation of radiologic findings associated with pediatric congenital idiopathic bilateral vocal fold dysfunction. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 164(6):1314-21, 2021
- Salik I et al: Bilateral vocal cord paralysis. StatPearls, 2021
- Williamson AJ et al: Unilateral vocal cord paralysis. StatPearls, 2021
- Carneiro-Pla D et al: Impact of vocal cord ultrasonography on endocrine surgery practices. Surgery. 159(1): 58-63, 2016
- Chen DW et al: Routine computed tomography in the evaluation of vocal fold movement impairment without an apparent cause. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 152(2):308-13, 2015
- Siu J et al: A comparison of outcomes in interventions for unilateral vocal fold paralysis: A systematic review. Laryngoscope. 126(7):1616-24, 2015
- Kwong Y et al: Radiology of vocal cord palsy. Clin Radiol. 67(11):1108-14, 2012
- Paquette CM et al: Unilateral vocal cord paralysis: a review of CT findings, mediastinal causes, and the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerves. Radiographics. 32(3):721-40, 2012
- Cernea CR et al: Recurrent laryngeal nerve: a plexus rather than a nerve? Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 135(11):1098-102, 2009
- Wear VV et al: Evaluating "eee" phonation in multidetector CT of the neck. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(6):1102-6, 2009
- Kumar VA et al: CT assessment of vocal cord medialization. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 27(8):1643-6, 2006
- Ardito G et al: Revisited anatomy of the recurrent laryngeal nerves. Am J Surg. 187(2):249-53, 2004
- Myssiorek D: Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis: anatomy and etiology. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 37(1):25-44, 2004
- Richardson BE et al: Clinical evaluation of vocal fold paralysis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 37(1):45-58, 2004
- Torkian BA et al: Granulomatous inflammation and nerve necrosis in a case of apparent idiopathic vocal fold paralysis: report of a case. Laryngoscope. 114(7):1271-5, 2004
- Baron EM et al: Dysphagia, hoarseness, and unilateral true vocal fold motion impairment following anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 112(11):921-6, 2003
- Chin SC et al: Using CT to localize side and level of vocal cord paralysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 180(4):1165-70, 2003
- Schneider B et al: Concept for diagnosis and therapy of unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis following thoracic surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 51(6):327-31, 2003
- Tilles SA: Vocal cord dysfunction in children and adolescents. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 3(6):467-72, 2003
- Wessels T et al: Vocal cord palsy resulting from spontaneous carotid dissection. Laryngoscope. 113(3):537-40, 2003
- Yeretsian RA et al: Teflon-induced granuloma: a false-positive finding with PET resolved with combined PET and CT. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(6):1164-6, 2003
- Zeitels SM et al: Laryngology and phonosurgery. N Engl J Med. 349(9):882-92, 2003
- Hartl DM et al: [Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis: current knowledge and treatment] Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac. 117(2):60-84, 2000
- Hughes CA et al: Unilateral true vocal fold paralysis: cause of right-sided lesions. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 122(5):678-80, 2000
- Romo LV et al: Atrophy of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle as an indicator of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 20(3):467-71, 1999
- Houpt M et al: Autopolymerized versus light-polymerized fissure sealant. J Am Dent Assoc. 115(1):55-6, 1987
- Newman CN et al: Transcription spectra in E. coli growing rapidly or slowly. Experientia. 33(7):893-4, 1977
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
Diagnostic Checklist
TERMINOLOGY
Abbreviations
- Vocal cord paralysis (VCP)
Definitions
- Immobilization of true vocal cord by ipsilateral vagus (CNX) or recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) dysfunction
IMAGING
General Features
Radiographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
Nuclear Medicine Findings
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Imaging Pitfalls
Selected References
- Din-Lovinescu C et al: Adverse events following injection laryngoplasty: an analysis of the MAUDE database. Am J Otolaryngol. 42(6):103092, 2021
- Ruda J et al: Multi-institutional evaluation of radiologic findings associated with pediatric congenital idiopathic bilateral vocal fold dysfunction. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 164(6):1314-21, 2021
- Salik I et al: Bilateral vocal cord paralysis. StatPearls, 2021
- Williamson AJ et al: Unilateral vocal cord paralysis. StatPearls, 2021
- Carneiro-Pla D et al: Impact of vocal cord ultrasonography on endocrine surgery practices. Surgery. 159(1): 58-63, 2016
- Chen DW et al: Routine computed tomography in the evaluation of vocal fold movement impairment without an apparent cause. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 152(2):308-13, 2015
- Siu J et al: A comparison of outcomes in interventions for unilateral vocal fold paralysis: A systematic review. Laryngoscope. 126(7):1616-24, 2015
- Kwong Y et al: Radiology of vocal cord palsy. Clin Radiol. 67(11):1108-14, 2012
- Paquette CM et al: Unilateral vocal cord paralysis: a review of CT findings, mediastinal causes, and the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerves. Radiographics. 32(3):721-40, 2012
- Cernea CR et al: Recurrent laryngeal nerve: a plexus rather than a nerve? Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 135(11):1098-102, 2009
- Wear VV et al: Evaluating "eee" phonation in multidetector CT of the neck. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 30(6):1102-6, 2009
- Kumar VA et al: CT assessment of vocal cord medialization. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 27(8):1643-6, 2006
- Ardito G et al: Revisited anatomy of the recurrent laryngeal nerves. Am J Surg. 187(2):249-53, 2004
- Myssiorek D: Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis: anatomy and etiology. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 37(1):25-44, 2004
- Richardson BE et al: Clinical evaluation of vocal fold paralysis. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 37(1):45-58, 2004
- Torkian BA et al: Granulomatous inflammation and nerve necrosis in a case of apparent idiopathic vocal fold paralysis: report of a case. Laryngoscope. 114(7):1271-5, 2004
- Baron EM et al: Dysphagia, hoarseness, and unilateral true vocal fold motion impairment following anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 112(11):921-6, 2003
- Chin SC et al: Using CT to localize side and level of vocal cord paralysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 180(4):1165-70, 2003
- Schneider B et al: Concept for diagnosis and therapy of unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis following thoracic surgery. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 51(6):327-31, 2003
- Tilles SA: Vocal cord dysfunction in children and adolescents. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 3(6):467-72, 2003
- Wessels T et al: Vocal cord palsy resulting from spontaneous carotid dissection. Laryngoscope. 113(3):537-40, 2003
- Yeretsian RA et al: Teflon-induced granuloma: a false-positive finding with PET resolved with combined PET and CT. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 24(6):1164-6, 2003
- Zeitels SM et al: Laryngology and phonosurgery. N Engl J Med. 349(9):882-92, 2003
- Hartl DM et al: [Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis: current knowledge and treatment] Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac. 117(2):60-84, 2000
- Hughes CA et al: Unilateral true vocal fold paralysis: cause of right-sided lesions. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 122(5):678-80, 2000
- Romo LV et al: Atrophy of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle as an indicator of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 20(3):467-71, 1999
- Houpt M et al: Autopolymerized versus light-polymerized fissure sealant. J Am Dent Assoc. 115(1):55-6, 1987
- Newman CN et al: Transcription spectra in E. coli growing rapidly or slowly. Experientia. 33(7):893-4, 1977
