Immobilization of true vocal cord (VC) by ipsilateral vagus (CNX) or recurrent laryngeal nerve dysfunction
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Imaging Pitfalls
Selected References
Goto T et al: Unilateral vocal fold adductor paralysis after tracheal intubation. Auris Nasus Larynx. 45(1):178-81, 2018
İrkörücü O: Approach to the assessment of vocal cord movement by ultrasonography. World J Surg. 42(4):1214, 2018
Kwon M et al: Idiopathic unilateral vocal fold paralysis in older patients: characteristics in the disease course and implication of computed tomography for evaluation of etiology. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 127(11):823-8, 2018
Klee K et al: Unilateral recurrent nerve palsy and cardiovascular disease - Ortner's syndrome. J Cardiol Cases. 15(3):88-90, 2017
Lynch J et al: Management of unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury after thyroid surgery: a review. Head Neck. 39(7):1470-8, 2017
Vachha B et al: Losing your voice: etiologies and imaging features of vocal fold paralysis. J Clin Imaging Sci. 3:15, 2013
Heikkinen J et al: Cardiovocal syndrome (Ortner's syndrome) associated with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and giant pulmonary artery aneurysm: case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Med. 2012:230736, 2012
Kwong Y et al: Radiology of vocal cord palsy. Clin Radiol. 67(11):1108-14, 2012
Paquette CM et al: Unilateral vocal cord paralysis: a review of CT findings, mediastinal causes, and the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerves. Radiographics. 32(3):721-40, 2012
Song SW et al: CT evaluation of vocal cord paralysis due to thoracic diseases: a 10-year retrospective study. Yonsei Med J. 52(5):831-7, 2011
Garcia MM et al: Imaging evaluation of vocal cord paralysis. Radiol Bras. 42(5):321-326, 2009
Kumar VA et al: CT assessment of vocal cord medialization. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 27(8):1643-6, 2006
Chin SC et al: Using CT to localize side and level of vocal cord paralysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 180(4):1165-70, 2003
Aydin K et al: Case report: bilateral vocal cord paralysis caused by cervical spinal osteophytes. Br J Radiol. 75(900):990-33, 2002
Miles KA: Ultrasound demonstration of vocal cord movements. Br J Radiol. 62(741):871-2, 1989
Immobilization of true vocal cord (VC) by ipsilateral vagus (CNX) or recurrent laryngeal nerve dysfunction
IMAGING
General Features
Ultrasonographic Findings
CT Findings
MR Findings
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST
Consider
Imaging Pitfalls
Selected References
Goto T et al: Unilateral vocal fold adductor paralysis after tracheal intubation. Auris Nasus Larynx. 45(1):178-81, 2018
İrkörücü O: Approach to the assessment of vocal cord movement by ultrasonography. World J Surg. 42(4):1214, 2018
Kwon M et al: Idiopathic unilateral vocal fold paralysis in older patients: characteristics in the disease course and implication of computed tomography for evaluation of etiology. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 127(11):823-8, 2018
Klee K et al: Unilateral recurrent nerve palsy and cardiovascular disease - Ortner's syndrome. J Cardiol Cases. 15(3):88-90, 2017
Lynch J et al: Management of unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury after thyroid surgery: a review. Head Neck. 39(7):1470-8, 2017
Vachha B et al: Losing your voice: etiologies and imaging features of vocal fold paralysis. J Clin Imaging Sci. 3:15, 2013
Heikkinen J et al: Cardiovocal syndrome (Ortner's syndrome) associated with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and giant pulmonary artery aneurysm: case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Med. 2012:230736, 2012
Kwong Y et al: Radiology of vocal cord palsy. Clin Radiol. 67(11):1108-14, 2012
Paquette CM et al: Unilateral vocal cord paralysis: a review of CT findings, mediastinal causes, and the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerves. Radiographics. 32(3):721-40, 2012
Song SW et al: CT evaluation of vocal cord paralysis due to thoracic diseases: a 10-year retrospective study. Yonsei Med J. 52(5):831-7, 2011
Garcia MM et al: Imaging evaluation of vocal cord paralysis. Radiol Bras. 42(5):321-326, 2009
Kumar VA et al: CT assessment of vocal cord medialization. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 27(8):1643-6, 2006
Chin SC et al: Using CT to localize side and level of vocal cord paralysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 180(4):1165-70, 2003
Aydin K et al: Case report: bilateral vocal cord paralysis caused by cervical spinal osteophytes. Br J Radiol. 75(900):990-33, 2002
Miles KA: Ultrasound demonstration of vocal cord movements. Br J Radiol. 62(741):871-2, 1989
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