National Cancer Institute: Vulvar cancer treatment (PDQ®)–health professional version. Updated February 1, 2019. Accessed July 25, 2019. https://www.cancer.gov/types/vulvar/hp/vulvar-treatment-pdq
National Cancer Institute: Vulvar cancer. Accessed April 14, 2019. https://www.cancer.gov/types/vulvar/hp
Amin MB et al: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th ed. Springer, 2017
Kim KW et al: Update on imaging of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 201(1):W147-57, 2013
Viswanathan C et al: Multimodality imaging of vulvar cancer: staging, therapeutic response, and complications. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 200(6):1387-400, 2013
Tabbaa ZM et al: Impact of the new FIGO 2009 staging classification for vulvar cancer on prognosis and stage distribution. Gynecol Oncol. 127(1):147-52, 2012
Kataoka MY et al: The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in staging of vulvar cancer: a retrospective multi-centre study. Gynecol Oncol. 117(1):82-7, 2010
McMahon CJ et al: Lymphatic metastases from pelvic tumors: anatomic classification, characterization, and staging. Radiology. 254(1):31-46, 2010
van der Steen S et al: New FIGO staging system of vulvar cancer indeed provides a better reflection of prognosis. Gynecol Oncol. 119(3):520-5, 2010
Oonk MH et al: The role of sentinel node biopsy in gynecological cancer: a review. Curr Opin Oncol. 21(5):425-32, 2009
Land R et al: Routine computerized tomography scanning, groin ultrasound with or without fine needle aspiration cytology in the surgical management of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 16(1):312-7, 2006
Oonk MH et al: Prediction of lymph node metastases in vulvar cancer: a review. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 16(3):963-71, 2006
Related Anatomy
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Related Differential Diagnoses
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References
Tables
Tables
OVERVIEW
General Comments
Classification
PATHOLOGY
Routes of Spread
General Features
Gross Pathology & Surgical Features
Microscopic Features
IMAGING FINDINGS
Detection
Staging
Restaging
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Cancer Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment Options
REPORTING CHECKLIST
T Staging
N Staging
M Staging
Selected References
National Cancer Institute: Vulvar cancer treatment (PDQ®)–health professional version. Updated February 1, 2019. Accessed July 25, 2019. https://www.cancer.gov/types/vulvar/hp/vulvar-treatment-pdq
National Cancer Institute: Vulvar cancer. Accessed April 14, 2019. https://www.cancer.gov/types/vulvar/hp
Amin MB et al: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 8th ed. Springer, 2017
Kim KW et al: Update on imaging of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 201(1):W147-57, 2013
Viswanathan C et al: Multimodality imaging of vulvar cancer: staging, therapeutic response, and complications. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 200(6):1387-400, 2013
Tabbaa ZM et al: Impact of the new FIGO 2009 staging classification for vulvar cancer on prognosis and stage distribution. Gynecol Oncol. 127(1):147-52, 2012
Kataoka MY et al: The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in staging of vulvar cancer: a retrospective multi-centre study. Gynecol Oncol. 117(1):82-7, 2010
McMahon CJ et al: Lymphatic metastases from pelvic tumors: anatomic classification, characterization, and staging. Radiology. 254(1):31-46, 2010
van der Steen S et al: New FIGO staging system of vulvar cancer indeed provides a better reflection of prognosis. Gynecol Oncol. 119(3):520-5, 2010
Oonk MH et al: The role of sentinel node biopsy in gynecological cancer: a review. Curr Opin Oncol. 21(5):425-32, 2009
Land R et al: Routine computerized tomography scanning, groin ultrasound with or without fine needle aspiration cytology in the surgical management of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 16(1):312-7, 2006
Oonk MH et al: Prediction of lymph node metastases in vulvar cancer: a review. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 16(3):963-71, 2006
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