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KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Fetal warfarin (Coumadin) syndrome
Definitions
- Fetal effects of early gestational exposure to warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
- Basu S et al: Low-dose maternal warfarin intake resulting in fetal warfarin syndrome: In search for a safe anticoagulant regimen during pregnancy. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 106(2):142-7, 2015
- Silveira DB et al: Importance of a multidisciplinary approach and monitoring in fetal warfarin syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 167(6):1294-9, 2015
- McLintock C: Anticoagulant choices in pregnant women with mechanical heart valves: balancing maternal and fetal risks--the difference the dose makes. Thromb Res. 131 Suppl 1:S8-10, 2013
- Xie Y et al: Phenocopy of warfarin syndrome in an infant born to a mother with sickle cell anemia and severe transfusional iron overload. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 35(6):e265-8, 2013
- Starling LD et al: Fetal warfarin syndrome. BMJ Case Rep. 2012, 2012
- Vijayan V et al: Pregnancy outcomes compared in women with mechanical heart valve replacements anticoagulated with warfarin and enoxaparin in pregnancy. Med J Malaysia. 67(6):591-4, 2012
- Keppler-Noreuil KM et al: Binder phenotype: associated findings and etiologic mechanisms. J Craniofac Surg. 21(5):1339-45, 2010
- Masamoto H et al: Warfarin-associated fetal intracranial hemorrhage in woman with mitral valve replacements: a case report. Am J Perinatol. 26(8):597-600, 2009
- McLintock C et al: Maternal complications and pregnancy outcome in women with mechanical prosthetic heart valves treated with enoxaparin. BJOG. 116(12):1585-92, 2009
- Yinon Y et al: Use of low molecular weight heparin in pregnant women with mechanical heart valves. Am J Cardiol. 104(9):1259-63, 2009
- Oswal K et al: Warfarin-induced fetal intracranial subdural hematoma. J Clin Ultrasound. 36(7):451-3, 2008
- Howe AM et al: The growth of the nasal septum in the 6-9 week period of foetal development--Warfarin embryopathy offers a new insight into prenatal facial development. Aust Dent J. 49(4):171-6, 2004
- Chan KY et al: Warfarin embryopathy. Pediatr Pathol Mol Med. 22(4):277-83, 2003
- Blickstein D et al: The risk of fetal loss associated with Warfarin anticoagulation. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 78(3):221-5, 2002
- Cotrufo M et al: Risk of warfarin during pregnancy with mechanical valve prostheses. Obstet Gynecol. 99(1):35-40, 2002
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References
Tables
Tables
KEY FACTS
Terminology
Imaging
Top Differential Diagnoses
Pathology
Clinical Issues
TERMINOLOGY
Synonyms
- Fetal warfarin (Coumadin) syndrome
Definitions
- Fetal effects of early gestational exposure to warfarin, a vitamin K antagonist
IMAGING
General Features
Imaging Recommendations
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
PATHOLOGY
General Features
CLINICAL ISSUES
Presentation
Demographics
Natural History & Prognosis
Treatment
Selected References
- Basu S et al: Low-dose maternal warfarin intake resulting in fetal warfarin syndrome: In search for a safe anticoagulant regimen during pregnancy. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 106(2):142-7, 2015
- Silveira DB et al: Importance of a multidisciplinary approach and monitoring in fetal warfarin syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 167(6):1294-9, 2015
- McLintock C: Anticoagulant choices in pregnant women with mechanical heart valves: balancing maternal and fetal risks--the difference the dose makes. Thromb Res. 131 Suppl 1:S8-10, 2013
- Xie Y et al: Phenocopy of warfarin syndrome in an infant born to a mother with sickle cell anemia and severe transfusional iron overload. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 35(6):e265-8, 2013
- Starling LD et al: Fetal warfarin syndrome. BMJ Case Rep. 2012, 2012
- Vijayan V et al: Pregnancy outcomes compared in women with mechanical heart valve replacements anticoagulated with warfarin and enoxaparin in pregnancy. Med J Malaysia. 67(6):591-4, 2012
- Keppler-Noreuil KM et al: Binder phenotype: associated findings and etiologic mechanisms. J Craniofac Surg. 21(5):1339-45, 2010
- Masamoto H et al: Warfarin-associated fetal intracranial hemorrhage in woman with mitral valve replacements: a case report. Am J Perinatol. 26(8):597-600, 2009
- McLintock C et al: Maternal complications and pregnancy outcome in women with mechanical prosthetic heart valves treated with enoxaparin. BJOG. 116(12):1585-92, 2009
- Yinon Y et al: Use of low molecular weight heparin in pregnant women with mechanical heart valves. Am J Cardiol. 104(9):1259-63, 2009
- Oswal K et al: Warfarin-induced fetal intracranial subdural hematoma. J Clin Ultrasound. 36(7):451-3, 2008
- Howe AM et al: The growth of the nasal septum in the 6-9 week period of foetal development--Warfarin embryopathy offers a new insight into prenatal facial development. Aust Dent J. 49(4):171-6, 2004
- Chan KY et al: Warfarin embryopathy. Pediatr Pathol Mol Med. 22(4):277-83, 2003
- Blickstein D et al: The risk of fetal loss associated with Warfarin anticoagulation. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 78(3):221-5, 2002
- Cotrufo M et al: Risk of warfarin during pregnancy with mechanical valve prostheses. Obstet Gynecol. 99(1):35-40, 2002
