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Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis
Maria A. Manning, MD
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Top Differential Diagnoses

        • Clinical Issues

          • Diagnostic Checklist

            TERMINOLOGY

            • Abbreviations

              • Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC)
            • Definitions

              • Rare inflammatory process causing focal or diffuse destruction of gallbladder (GB) wall, with accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages, fibrous tissue, and acute and chronic inflammatory cells
              • Uncommon variant of chronic cholecystitis, associated with destructive granulomatous reaction to bile
              • Benign condition that may be confused with GB carcinoma

            IMAGING

            • General Features

              • Ultrasonographic Findings

                • CT Findings

                  • MR Findings

                    • Imaging Recommendations

                      DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                        PATHOLOGY

                        • General Features

                          • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                            • Microscopic Features

                              CLINICAL ISSUES

                              • Presentation

                                • Demographics

                                  • Natural History & Prognosis

                                    • Treatment

                                      DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                      • Consider

                                        • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                          Selected References

                                          1. Bennett G et al: Cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, and hyperplastic cholecystoses. In Gore RM et al: Textbook of Gastrointestinal Radiology. 4th ed. Saunders Elsevier, 2015
                                          2. Lopes Vendrami C et al: Gallbladder carcinoma and its differential diagnosis at MRI: what radiologists should know. Radiographics. 41(1):78-95, 2021
                                          3. Ratanaprasatporn L et al: Multimodality imaging, including dual-energy CT, in the evaluation of gallbladder disease. Radiographics. 38(1):75-89, 2018
                                          4. Lamps LW et al: Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Bile Ducts. Lamps LW et al: Rosai and Ackerman's Surgical Pathology. 11th ed. Elsevier. 854, 2017
                                          5. Yuan HX et al: Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: contrast-enhanced ultrasound features and differential diagnosis from wall-thickening gallbladder carcinoma. Discov Med. 21(114):89-98, 2016
                                          6. Revzin MV et al: The gallbladder: uncommon gallbladder conditions and unusual presentations of the common gallbladder pathological processes. Abdom Imaging. 40:385–399, 2015
                                          7. Kang TW et al: Differentiating xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis from wall-thickening type of gallbladder cancer: added value of diffusion-weighted MRI. Clin Radiol. 68(10):992-1001, 2013
                                          8. Levy AD et al: Benign tumors and tumorlike lesions of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts: Radiologic-pathologic correlation. RadioGraphics. 22: 387-413, 2002
                                          Related Anatomy
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                                          Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                          References
                                          Tables

                                          Tables

                                          KEY FACTS

                                          • Terminology

                                            • Imaging

                                              • Top Differential Diagnoses

                                                • Clinical Issues

                                                  • Diagnostic Checklist

                                                    TERMINOLOGY

                                                    • Abbreviations

                                                      • Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC)
                                                    • Definitions

                                                      • Rare inflammatory process causing focal or diffuse destruction of gallbladder (GB) wall, with accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages, fibrous tissue, and acute and chronic inflammatory cells
                                                      • Uncommon variant of chronic cholecystitis, associated with destructive granulomatous reaction to bile
                                                      • Benign condition that may be confused with GB carcinoma

                                                    IMAGING

                                                    • General Features

                                                      • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                                        • CT Findings

                                                          • MR Findings

                                                            • Imaging Recommendations

                                                              DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                                PATHOLOGY

                                                                • General Features

                                                                  • Gross Pathologic & Surgical Features

                                                                    • Microscopic Features

                                                                      CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                                      • Presentation

                                                                        • Demographics

                                                                          • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                                            • Treatment

                                                                              DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                              • Consider

                                                                                • Image Interpretation Pearls

                                                                                  Selected References

                                                                                  1. Bennett G et al: Cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, and hyperplastic cholecystoses. In Gore RM et al: Textbook of Gastrointestinal Radiology. 4th ed. Saunders Elsevier, 2015
                                                                                  2. Lopes Vendrami C et al: Gallbladder carcinoma and its differential diagnosis at MRI: what radiologists should know. Radiographics. 41(1):78-95, 2021
                                                                                  3. Ratanaprasatporn L et al: Multimodality imaging, including dual-energy CT, in the evaluation of gallbladder disease. Radiographics. 38(1):75-89, 2018
                                                                                  4. Lamps LW et al: Gallbladder and Extrahepatic Bile Ducts. Lamps LW et al: Rosai and Ackerman's Surgical Pathology. 11th ed. Elsevier. 854, 2017
                                                                                  5. Yuan HX et al: Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: contrast-enhanced ultrasound features and differential diagnosis from wall-thickening gallbladder carcinoma. Discov Med. 21(114):89-98, 2016
                                                                                  6. Revzin MV et al: The gallbladder: uncommon gallbladder conditions and unusual presentations of the common gallbladder pathological processes. Abdom Imaging. 40:385–399, 2015
                                                                                  7. Kang TW et al: Differentiating xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis from wall-thickening type of gallbladder cancer: added value of diffusion-weighted MRI. Clin Radiol. 68(10):992-1001, 2013
                                                                                  8. Levy AD et al: Benign tumors and tumorlike lesions of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts: Radiologic-pathologic correlation. RadioGraphics. 22: 387-413, 2002