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Ultrasound
Diagnosis
Urinary Tract
Urinary Tract Infection
Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis
Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis
Katherine E. Maturen, MD, MS
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KEY FACTS

  • Terminology

    • Imaging

      • Pathology

        • Clinical Issues

          TERMINOLOGY

          • Abbreviations

            • Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP/XGPN)

          • Definitions

            • Chronic renal inflammation usually associated with longstanding urinary calculus obstruction (75%)
            • Renal parenchyma is gradually replaced by lipid-laden macrophages
              • Greek prefix "xantho-" refers to yellow color of fat 
            • Diffuse (> 80%) and focal (< 20%) forms
              • Diffuse: Due to obstruction at ureteropelvic junction
              • Focal or segmental: Due to obstruction of single infundibulum or 1 moiety of duplex system
            • 3 stages of XGP: Intrarenal → perirenal → perinephric ± retroperitoneal involvement

          IMAGING

          • General Features

            • Ultrasonographic Findings

              • CT Findings

                • Imaging Recommendations

                  DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                    PATHOLOGY

                    • General Features

                      • Microscopic Features

                        CLINICAL ISSUES

                        • Presentation

                          • Demographics

                            • Natural History & Prognosis

                              • Treatment

                                DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                • Consider

                                  Selected References

                                  1. Ifergan J et al: Imaging in upper urinary tract infections. Diagn Interv Imaging. 93(6):509-19, 2012
                                  2. Arvind NK et al: Laparoscopic nephrectomy in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: 7-year single-surgeon outcome. Urology. 78(4):797-801, 2011
                                  3. Li L et al: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 135(5):671-4, 2011
                                  4. Kim JC: US and CT findings of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Clin Imaging. 25(2):118-21, 2001
                                  Related Anatomy
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                                  Related Differential Diagnoses
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                                  References
                                  Tables

                                  Tables

                                  KEY FACTS

                                  • Terminology

                                    • Imaging

                                      • Pathology

                                        • Clinical Issues

                                          TERMINOLOGY

                                          • Abbreviations

                                            • Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP/XGPN)

                                          • Definitions

                                            • Chronic renal inflammation usually associated with longstanding urinary calculus obstruction (75%)
                                            • Renal parenchyma is gradually replaced by lipid-laden macrophages
                                              • Greek prefix "xantho-" refers to yellow color of fat 
                                            • Diffuse (> 80%) and focal (< 20%) forms
                                              • Diffuse: Due to obstruction at ureteropelvic junction
                                              • Focal or segmental: Due to obstruction of single infundibulum or 1 moiety of duplex system
                                            • 3 stages of XGP: Intrarenal → perirenal → perinephric ± retroperitoneal involvement

                                          IMAGING

                                          • General Features

                                            • Ultrasonographic Findings

                                              • CT Findings

                                                • Imaging Recommendations

                                                  DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS

                                                    PATHOLOGY

                                                    • General Features

                                                      • Microscopic Features

                                                        CLINICAL ISSUES

                                                        • Presentation

                                                          • Demographics

                                                            • Natural History & Prognosis

                                                              • Treatment

                                                                DIAGNOSTIC CHECKLIST

                                                                • Consider

                                                                  Selected References

                                                                  1. Ifergan J et al: Imaging in upper urinary tract infections. Diagn Interv Imaging. 93(6):509-19, 2012
                                                                  2. Arvind NK et al: Laparoscopic nephrectomy in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: 7-year single-surgeon outcome. Urology. 78(4):797-801, 2011
                                                                  3. Li L et al: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 135(5):671-4, 2011
                                                                  4. Kim JC: US and CT findings of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Clin Imaging. 25(2):118-21, 2001